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Sociology Quiz ?'s
Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social reproduction allows for socially stratified societies to be stable because | most people, even when they are on the losing side of inequality, support policies that maintain or exacerbate inequality. |
| What is the idea hypothesized by C. Wright Mills that a small group of networked individuals controls the most powerful positions in our social institutions? | elite theory of power |
| A military general who leaves to work for a private defense contractor. A FDA examiner who advises for a pharmaceutical company upon retiring. A politician who takes a job as a corporate lobbyist after losing reelection. | the revolving door |
| A process by which advantaged groups preserve opportunities for themselves while restricting them for others is called | social closure |
| When: an American moves to Paris, a city kid moves to the country, and the son of a mechanic attends Harvard University, each would most likely experience a lack of | fit |
| Sociologist Lauren Rivera found that in both exclusive nightclubs as well as elite investment banks and law and consulting firms, cultural capital | determines who is allowed to pass through critical points of social closure |
| Crystal, on a full scholarship at Yale due to her low income. Her friend remarked, “Isn’t that the same black dress you already wore?” She hoped the they would not notice that this was the only black dress she owned. which type of capital does she lack? | economic |
| Power maintained primarily by persuasion is called | cultural hegemony |
| The Protestant work ethic is a core American value. It is common for Americans to judge people’s moral worth by how hard they work. And those of us who don’t work as hard as we can often feel guilty. The Protestant work ethic is an example of a(n) | hegemonic ideology |
| Which of the following are used to manufacture our consent to existing social conditions, even when we are directly harmed by them? | hegemonic ideologies |
| When the government began mandating face coverings and limiting gatherings during the Covid-19 pandemic, Brendan decided not to comply. He also demonstrated xenophobic. Brendan... | is highly individualistic |
| What is the idea hypothesized by C. Wright Mills that a small group of networked individuals controls the most powerful positions in our social institutions? | elite theory of power |
| The pluralist theory of power is the idea that | U.S. politics is characterized by competing groups that work together to achieve their goals |
| The type of social cohesion derived from similarity and familiarity in which functional sameness bonds people together is known as | mechanical solidarity |
| What kind of capital depends on the number of people we know and the resources they can offer us? | social |
| Michael came from a poor family. When he arrives at Yale, he is uncomfortable. Ken grew up in a wealthy suburb and felt uncomfortable when he visited Michael. The strain that both Michael and Ken experience is not equal, because | Michael’s life chances depend on being able to appear to fit where he really does not. |
| “Do what makes you happy” and “it doesn’t matter what other people think” are common sayings that affirm | individualism |
| Which of these hegemonic ideologies inhibits sociological thinking and our ability to think critically about our societies? | the cult of the individual |
| According to Antonio Gramsci, political leaders can make populations accept their rule with which of the following strategies? | Plan A: Persuasion and Plan B: Coercion |
| Interdependent power is rooted in the fundamentally social nature of human life. In other words, interdependent power | depends on everyone following social rules. |
| After more than a year of people boycotting buses, the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation on buses unconstitutional. When Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. later stated, “All life is interrelated.” he was invoking | interdependent power. |
| Any individual, no matter how downtrodden, can disrupt an interaction. However, | to make real social change, individuals must act together |
| Boycotts, sit-ins, vigils, rallies, strikes, and viral hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo are examples of what sociologist Charles Tilly calls | the repertoire of contention |
| Recognition of a shared grievance that can be addressed through collective action, often an emotional experience sometimes sparked by a moral shock, is known as a(n) | insurgent consciousness |
| When Eileen and Taylor foreclosed their home in 2010, they blamed themselves. Several years later, they realized their experience was a public concern. This scenario serves as an example of what sociologists describe as | the social construction of social problems |
| It is helpful for social movements to have a frame that is resistant to challenges. Which of these has the most challenge-resistant frame? | #LoveWins |
| Which of these uses the master frame of individual rights? | “Right to Choose” |
| Battles over whether a social fact is a social problem and debates about what kind of problem it is are known as | framing wars |
| The likely success of social movements depends on __________ opportunity structures. | cultural, political, and economic |
| Persistent, organized collective action meant to resist social movements is known as a | countermovement |
| Two student discovered that the university mishandled their sexual assault reports. Once the students connected with online student-activiststs, they found students who had reported similar experiences, resulting in the building of strong | political networks |
| Disagreements among elites, also known as __________, presents an opportunity for activists who can appeal to whichever elites happen to agree with them. | inter-elite competition |
| A sudden and dramatic occurrence that motivates nonactivists to become politically active is called a(n) | critical event |
| When the interests of elites and activists align, this is called | interest convergence |
| Slacktivism is a(n) | critical word for supposedly lazy forms of activism |
| The murder of Vincent Chin by two White American men who mistook him for being Japanese led to the mobilization of to identify as "asian". Chin’s murder is an example of a | critical event |
| If business elites believe that more welcoming immigration policies will provide them with a better pool of employees, they may be more willing to support such policies alongside pro-immigration activists. This is an example of | interest convergence |
| Trendy culinary fusion dishes like Korean bulgogi tacos, sushi corn dogs, and chicken tikka masala mac and cheese are the outcome of | cultural hybridization |
| Having our food, clothes, furniture, and medicine come to us from far away as well greater numbers of international travelers is the consequence of | globalization |
| What is the term used to describe a socially constructed in-group based on a shared planet? | global imagined community |
| Groups of young climate activists in Madrid, Paris, Copenhagen have committed to participating in a coordinated sit-in to send the same message to fossil fuel companies next week. This coordinated effort is part of a(n) | transnational repertoire of contentio |
| Colonialism is | a practice in which countries claim control over territories, the people in them, and their natural resources, then exploit them for economic gain |
| The Canadian company Medicom Inc. sources the fabric for surgical masks in Europe and sends the fabric to China for manufacturing before shipping the completed masks to Japan and the United States for distribution to buyers. This is an example of | a global commodity chain |
| How does the exploitation of one country’s resources by another country continue when the international community condemns such behavior? | Transnational organizations formed through treaty agreements and trade deals enforce a global version of capitalism that overrides any moral concerns about the exploitation. |
| Which term describes the group at the helm of global cities, rich corporations, or core countries? | global power elite |
| San Francisco, New York, Tokyo, Sydney, and Sao Paulo are global cities because they | act like key hubs in the world economy, and what happens in these cities often has global implications |
| Wade describes human-caused climate change as institutionalized global environmental racism. This means | previously colonized and disproportionately poor countries with mostly non-White and indigenous inhabitants bear the brunt of climate change |
| College students were the first to launch campaigns that successfully got their institutions to stop investing in fossil fuel companies. This is called | disinvestment |
| Many young activists frame the social problem of climate change as deception and negligence by global elites and reframe “business as usual” as wrong, attempting to reshape our understanding of right and wrong. Sociologists call these activists | moral entrepreneurs |
| The spread of the Covid-19 virus from China to Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Germany, and the United States in a single month is a testament to | increasing and intensifying global connectedness |
| Most of the global power elite live in | core nations |
| A kind of transnational organization that coordinates activism across more than one country, typically brought together by social media, is known as | a transnational social movement |
| The United States has not passed any laws or established any binding international agreements to address climate change because | a relatively small group of well-networked members of the global power elite has been hugely successful at stopping bipartisan efforts to address the climate crisis |
| When core countries pay semi-peripheral and peripheral countries to store their contaminated waste and when core countries pay low-wage workers in peripheral countries to mine precious metals for jewelry, this is evidence | that we are living in a world risk society wherein some rich countries export risks and others absorb them |
| Which of the following is the type of social cohesion based on interdependency in which everyone needs everyone else to do their part? | organic solidarity |
| The poor, powerless, and stigmatized still have the power to disrupt an interaction through noncooperation by exercising their ___________, which requires both intellectual and emotional work. | interdependent power |
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