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FINAL EXAM

QuestionAnswer
What two processes combined are referred to as internal respiration Systemic gas exchange and aerobic gas exchange
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system? Nutrient absorption
Which of the following refers to the function of the nasal cavity in respiration? Detect odors
The auditory tubes open into the Pharynx
Paranasal sinuses can be found in all of these bones EXCEPT Palatine bone
The surfactant secreted by special cells in pulmonary alveoli Prevents pulmonary alveoli from collapsing
The glottis is The opening between the vocal folds
The divide between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity is formed by the Palate
The _______ projects anteriorly to form adam’s Apple Thyroid cartilage
_________ play an important role in regulating the airflow through the air passageways Bronchioles
_______ and the smaller air passageways are not lined with ciliated mucosae and cannot effectively remove the inhaled particles The bronchioles
Which of the following is NOT a function of paranasal sinuses They contain olfactory receptors for the sense of smell
From the nasal cavity, air passes, in sequence , through the _______ on the way to the lungs Pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi
Contraction of the diaphragm ________ intra-alveolar pressure resulting in______ Decreases ; inspiration
An increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity _______ the intra-alveolar pressure, which causes_____ Decreases; inspiration
Forceful expiration involves the contraction of Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
The ________ is the maximum volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximum forceful inspiration Vital capacity
The _______ is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum forceful expiration Residual volume
The respiratory centers are located in the Pons and medulla oblongata
The ______ receives input from higher brain centers and sends action potentials to the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata to modify the breathing pattern Pontine respiratory group
Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata are not sensitive to Oxygen
During systemic gas exchange, CO2______ from the ________ to the _______ Diffuses; interstitial fluid; blood
Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported as_______ Bicarbonate ions
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction of carbon dioxide and water to form Carbonic acid
_______ occurs due to a thoracic injury or surgery that allows air to enter the pleural cavity; it causes the affected lung to collapse and become nonfunctional Pneumothorax
What is the term for the exchange of gases between systemic capillaries and tissue cells Systemic gas exchange
Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the larynx? Hyoid bone
Microorganisms inhaled into the air passageways are most likely to be destroyed by Gastric juice in stomach
______ lacks cartilage Bronchioles
Quiet inspiration requires the Contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostals only
Quiet expiration requires the Relaxation of all the respiratory muscles
Forceful inspiration involves the contraction of Neck and chest muscles
The ______ is responsible for controlling the normal rhythmic cycle of breathing Ventral respiratory group
The rate and depth of breathing are affected by the following factors EXCEPT An increase in blood Ca2+ concentration
About 23% of the CO2 in the blood is transported as Carbaminohemoglobin
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ to the digestive system? Duodenum
What is the role of digestive enzymes ? To break down large, non absorbable nutrient molecules into small, absorbable ones
The layers of the alimentary canal, from outside to inside, are the Serosa, muscular layer, submucosa, and mucosa
______ teeth are used to grasp and tear tough food morsels Canine
The _____ glands secrete a saliva rich in salivary _____ Parotid; amylase
______ catalyzes the digestion of starch and glycogen into maltose Salivary amylase
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ______ and concludes in the_______ Mouth; small intestine
The end products of lipid digestion are converted into _______ within epithelial cellls and move into the______ of intestinal villi Chylomicrons; lacteals
Why are lipids and lipid-soluble chemicals coated in protein during absorption Lipids and lipid-soluble chemicals are not soluble in the watery portion of plasma, but when encased in protein they are
When swallowing, the ______ keeps food from entering the airway Epiglottis
The gastric enzyme_______ is secreted in inactive form and activated by the low PH of gastric juice Pepsin
In addition to the typical secretions by the stomach, infants produce______ Rennin
Which of the following are found in chyme? All of these are found in chyme
The most superior portion of the stomach is the_____ Fundus
________ is secreted by stomach and is important for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the ______ Intrinsic factor; small intestine
The pancreas is directly attached to the______ into which it secretes pancreatic juice Duodenum
Which of the following is NOT an intestinal enzyme? Pepsin
Acid chyme entering the duodenum causes the intestinal mucosa to secrete the hormone_____ which stimulates the secretion of ______ that is rich in bicarbonate ions Secretin; pancreatic juice
People who have had their gallbladder removed will most likely experience which digestive issue? A decreased ability to digest lipids
In addition to the secretion of bile the liver is active in All of these choices are correct
The primary function of the large intestine is the Absorption of water and certain minerals and vitamins
________ are primarily used as an energy source but unused quantities are converted into_____ and stored Monosaccharides; triglycerides
One of the nutrients important for the synthesis of DNA and RNA is Folic acid
The mineral required for healthy nerve function as well as ATP-ADP conversions is Magnesium
Which of the following is a disorder caused by crystallization inside the bile storage organ? Gallstones
Which of the following is NOT part of the alimentary canal? Pancreas
Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion? An enzyme hydrolyzes bonds between glucose molecules
The hollow space inside of the digestive tract is the Lumen
The region of tooth where blood vessels and nerves are found is the Pulp cavity
The ______ part of the_______ division innervates the intestinal mucosa and stimulates the secretion of intestinal enzymes Parasympathetic; autonomic
The only function of the _______ in the digestive process is to transport food Esophagus
Both _______ and ________ catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides Pepsin; trypsin
The hormone that stimulates the secretions of the stomach is Gastrin
Lipid rich chyme entering the small intestine stimulated the secretion of _______ which stimulates the pancreas to secrete_____ Cholecystokinin; digestive enzymes
Bike which emulsifies fats is produced by the Liver
Which of the following is found in feces All of the choices are correct
A nutrient that the body cannot synthesize but instead must be obtained from food is said to be Essential
Which step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP Electron transport chain
One of the nutrients active in the synthesis of proteins and antibodies is B6
A _____ Carrie’s urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder Ureter
The detrusor is the_______ the urinary bladder Smooth muscle of
The internal urethral sphincter is the______ located at the______ in males
Smooth muscle; junction of the urinary bladder and the urethra
When the urinary bladder is filled with 200-400 ml of urine, micturition reflex sends _______ action potentials to cause the______ urethral sphincter to open Parasympathetic; internal
The primary function of the urinary system is to Maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits
______ is a waste product of muscle metabolism Creatinine
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system It is involved in the production of white blood cells
In the ______ nutrients are actively reabsorbed Proximal convoluted tubules
ADH stimulates the water reabsorption by the Distal convoluted tubules
Water can be reabsorbed at all regions of the nephron except the Ascending limb of nephron loop
Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+ by the Distal convoluted tubules
Under normal conditions_______ would not appear in the glomerular filtrate Protein
Action potentials from sympathetic neurons _______ glomerular filtration rate by causing_____ Decrease; construction of afferent glomerular arterioles
Tubular secretion of H+ for regulating blood pH takes place in the Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Which of the following would be abnormal to see in urine Glucose
The pathway of urine is Nephrons> collecting ducts > minor calyces> major calyces> renal pelvis> ureter
The functional unit of the kidney is the Nephron
During reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule most of the CI- and HCO3- ions are moved by______ mechanisms Passive transport
The deep layer of a kidney is the_____ and it contains the ______ Renal medulla ; renal pyramids
The ______ is a capillary tuft that lies between an afferent arteriole and an efferent arteriole Glomerulus
As it leaves the glomerulus blood in the efferent glomerular arteriole will next enter Peritubular capillaries
Renal calculi are composed of all of the following EXCEPT Urea
An increase in the rate and depth of breathing causes ______ in blood CO2 concentration and a ______ in blood PH Decrease; increase
The concentration of water in the blood is regulated by controlling the amount of water lost in Urine only
Proteins are able to act as buffers because their -COOH groups can ______ and their -NH2 groups can_____ Release H+ when PH is elevated; bind H+ when ph is decreased
The external urethral sphincter Is the _____ located at the ______ Skeletal muscle ; exit of the pelvic cavity
The most abundant nitrogenous waste in urine is Urea
______ is a waste product of nucleic acids Uric acid
Renin converts Angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
When the ______ detects a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate it secretes _______ to start the renin-angiotensin mechanism Juxtaglomerular complex; renin
_______ decreases the glomerular filtration rate The sympathetic division
Na+ is always reabsorbed in the ____ but is only reabsorbed in the______ under hormonal influence ascending limb of nephron loop; distal convoluted tubule
With a normal glomerular filtration rate the entire volume of blood in the body will be filtered approximately every _____ minutes 40
In the process of tubular secretion _____ are moved from the_____ to the_____ Unwanted substances; blood; tubular fluid
Compared to plasma glomerular filtrate should have The same concentration of wastes
The nephron loops and the collecting ducts are surrounded by the Vasa recta
A nephron consists of the Renal corpuscle and the renal tubule
The nephrons that play an important role in maintaining water content of the blood are called_____ nephrons Juxtamedullary
The superficial layer of a kidney is the ______ and it contains the_____ Renal cortex; renal corpuscles
Which of the following is the most abundant positively charged ions in extra cellular fluids Na+
Angiotensin 2 raises systemic blood pressure by triggering mechanisms that Constrict systemic arterioles and increase water retention
The testes and ovaries are called the Gonads
Sperm mature while slowly moving through the Epididymis
Sperm are activated by the secretion from the______ a doughnut shaped gland encircling the base of the urethra Prostate gland
Each lobule of a testis contains several highly coiled ______ which produce sperm Seminiferous tubules
The end result of spermatogenesis is 4 sperm
Which gland contributes the greatest volume of fluid to the semen Seminal vesicles
The secretions of the seminal vesicles aid in reproduction by Regulating ph
Alkaline secretions are made by which male accessory gland All of the glands produce alkaline secretions
In _______ a primary oocyte divides to form a polar body and a secondary oocyte Meiosis 1
The ______ is the muscular layer of the uterus Myometrium
The______ is the portion of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina Cervix
The processes of the uterine tubes that sweep the surface of the ovary are the Fimbriae
Male secondary sexual characteristics are produced by Testosterone
The production of sperm cells is stimulated by the combination of______ from the pituitary gland and testosterone from______ in the testes Follicle stimulating hormone; interstitial cells
The life stage at which the reproductive organs become capable Is puberty
After ovulation the empty follicle becomes a _______ and secretes progesterone under stimulation by______ Corpus luteum; luteinizing hormone
When does luteinizing hormone peak in females? While a follicle is in the process of ovulating
The corpus luteum serves which role? It produces progesterone to prepare the uterus
_____and ______ stimulate the build up of the endometrium to receive an early embryo Estrogen; progesterone
In females follicle stimulating hormone will be increasing when Menstruation occurs
The penis contains______ columns of erectile tissue that become functional when blood vessels 3; dilate
Orgasm is initiated by action potentials from the ______ part of the nervous system Sympathetic
______ stimulates the maturation of the mammary glands so that they can produce milk Progesterone
Hormonal methods of birth control disrupt the normal regulation of ovarian cycles to prevent Ovulation
The virus HPV causes what sexually transmitted disease Genital warts
Created by: Senoye1
 

 



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