the sound of car tires on a long trip, air conditioner noise, etc. are all examples of

painless, constant stimuli that one quickly adapts to

3 types of genral receptors by location of stimuli

exteroreceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors

general receptors by type of stimulus

nociceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors.

patient reports all 3 are stimulated described as "burning"

temp, mechanical damage, and dissolved chemicals

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ch 15 sensory path

ch 15 bio 168 exam 4

Question	Answer
general senses are like pain, temp, touch, pressure, proprioception, vibration vs special senses that are smell, taste, vission, etc	true
key for interpreting	sensory receptors
how we interact with the world (the interface) between nervous system and internal/external environments	sensory receptors
provide the interface between our nervous system and the internal/external environment	sensory receptors
processes of specialized sensory neurons	sensory receptors
arriving information to the primary somatosensory cortex	sensation
conscious awareness of a sensation	perception
small receptive field means very precise	true
large receptive field not able to localize source of stimulus	true, not as precise
receptive field has to do with	size and receptive source
what is more receptive, small or large receptive field?	small
nervous system quickly adapts to painless, constant stimuli	true (adaptation)
nervous system quickly adapts to	painless, constant stimuli
reduction of receptor sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus	adaptation
the sound of car tires on a long trip, air conditioner noise, etc. are all examples of	painless, constant stimuli that one quickly adapts to
two types of receptors	tonic and phasic
tonic is slow or fast?	tonic
phasic is slow or fast?	fast
always active receptors	tonic
usually not active	phasic
example of a tonic receptor	pain receptors
always maintain a certain tone of awareness	tonic receptors
slow adaptive receptors	tonic receptors
no information unless SUDDEN CHANGE (shower going colg ex)	phasic receptors
fast adapting receptors	phasic receptors
has to do with intensity and rate (receptors)	phasic receptors
example of pain receptor	tonic receptors
sensory pathways along CNS that reduce sensitivity after constant stimuli	central adaptation
sitting in a restaurant, a strong perfume bothers you at first, but your brain adapts and you no longer notice it. this is an example of which adaptation?	central adaptation
in central adaptation the sensory neurons change or remain active?	remain active
central adaptation can be influenced via	reticular activating system
stimulus changing and being used to something	cocktail party listening
3 types of genral receptors by location of stimuli	exteroreceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors
receptors that provide info about external environment	exteroceptors
receptors that report POSITIONS of skeletal mm and joints	proprioceptors
receptors that monitor visceral organs and function (are u hungry?)	interoceptors
general receptors by type of stimulus	nociceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors.
pain receptors	nociceptors
temperature receptors	thermoreceptors
physical disortion such as touch receptors	mechanoreceptors
chemical concentration receptors	chemoreceptors
free nerve endings with LARGE receptive fields	nociceptors
pain fibers that are myelinated and receive conscious attention (ful attention)	myelinated Type A fibers
patient reports all 3 are stimulated described as "burning"	temp, mechanical damage, and dissolved chemicals
when you have all 3 pain receptors it is decribed as	chronic and burning
are nociceptors specific or nonspecific?	non specific
fast pain pain fibers	type A fibers
type A fibers are caused by	injection or deep cut
caused by injection or deep cut	type A fibers
type c fibers are myelinated or unmyelinated?	unmyelinated
slow pain fibers	type c fibers
cause generalized activation of reticular formation and thalamus	type c fibers
you become aware of the pain but only have a GENERAL idea of the area affected	C fibers
chronic pain is caused by	substance P
neurotransmitter of pain	Substance P or Glutamate
never-ending stimulation of CNS despite source gone	substance P
what can help pain	neuromodulators like endorphin and enkephalin
free nerve endings that detect cool and warm	thermoreceptors
sensations are conducted along same pathway that carry pain	thermoreceptors
thermoreceptors are conducted along same pathways that carry what?	pain
deep deadly cuts, injections, and myelinated	type A fibers
slow, throbing pain,	type c fibers
cause generalized activation of reticular formation and thalamus	type C fibers
type C fibers cause what	generalized activation of reticular formation and thalamus
thermoreceptors are tonic or phasic?	phasic
thermoreceptors have more cold or warm receptors	cold (3x)
adapt quickly to stable temp. very active if temp. changes abruptly	thermorecptors
tactile means	touch
pressure changes mechanoreceptors	baroreceptors
fine touch finger tips or back?	finger
are numerous and theyre specific, meaning it tells you if something is touching you and if youre in pain	free nerve endings
2 point discrimination	tactile disks
stretching skin on back of hand	bulbous ruffini corpuscles
pencil on paper	lamellar pacinian corpuscles
high frequency vibration	lamellar pacinian corpuscles
sensitive to deep pressure-adapt quicky	lamellar pacinian corpuscles
direct pressure stimulation	lamellar pacinian corpuscles
are in all eragenous zones (eyes, lips, nipples, external genitalia, fingers)	tactile corpuscles
low frequency vibration	tactile meissner corpuscles
tactile corpuscles are surrounded by	schwann cells
surrounded by schwann cells	tactile corpuscles
pleasant touch	C tactile mechanoreceptors and CT mechanoreceptors
protects tendons and detects changes in force	golgi tendon organs
detect changes in LENGTH	muscle spindle fibers
detects FORCE	golgi tendon
protects you from overexpending the length of muscle	muscle spindle fibers
Protects you from snapping muscles from force	Golgi tendon organs
monitor changes in pressure in an organ	baroreceptors
baroreceptors are free nerve endings that branch within	elastic tissues
free nerve endings that branch within elastic tissues	baroreceptors
your sense of position, where your body is in space	Proprioception
proprioceptors are NOT FOUND IN	organs and cavities
proprioceptors are found in	joints, tendons/ligaments, and mm
proprioceptors that trigger stretch reflexes	muscle spindles
near origin of internal carotid arteries ( chemoreceptors)	carotid bodies
between major branches of aortic arch (chemoreceptors)	aortic bodies
respond to water and lipid soluble substances that are dissolved in body fluids	chemoreceptors
takes how many neurons to get there	3
the brain is "plastic"-neurons will move somewhere else to get their "food" of electric stimulations	phantom limb syndrome
neurons that once monitored now missing limb/hand/foot are still intact and the map of the limb still exists in the brain	phantom limb syndrome
pain in an uninjured part of the body	referred pain
referred pain is pain in an	uninjured part of the body
neurons by location	first-order neuron, second-order neuron, and third-order neuron
sensory neuron that delivers sensations to CNS	first-order neuron
first-order neuron are what kind of neurons?	sensory neurons
first-order neuron delivers sensation to	cns
interneuron in spinal cord or brainstem that receives info from first-order neuron	second-order neuron
second-order neuron is what kind of neuron	interneuron
second-order neuron is located where?	spinal cord/ brainstem crosses to opposite side of CNS
when a second-order neuron crosses to opposite side of CNS	decussation
respond to water and lipid soluble substances that are dissolved in body fluids	chemoreceptors
chemoreceptors respond to what two things	bodily dissolved water and lipid soluble substances
two types of bodies for chemoreceptors	carotid and aortic bodies
what 3 things do chemoreceptors monitor?	pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen levels in arterial blood
chemoreceptors monitor pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen levels in arterial blood at	carotid bodies and aortic bodies
this type of receptor exhibits peripheral adaptation in seconds	chemoreceptors
3 types of proprioceptors	muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, and receptors in joint capsules
monitor skeletal muscle length (proprioceptors)	muscle spindles
proprioceptors that trigger stretch reflexes	muscle spindles
proprioceptors that monitor tension during muscle contraction	golgi tendon organs
golgi tendon organs monitor	tension during muscle contraction
free nerve endings that detect pressure, tension, and movement at the join	joint capsules receptors
proprioceptors are found in	joints, tendons and ligaments, and muscles
the sex location receptors )lol)	tactile (meissner) corpuscles
fine touch and pressure	tactile meissner corpuscles
sensitive to pressure and disortion of skin	bulbous ruffini corpuscles
tactile discs movement	broille
free nerve endings stimulated by HAIR movement	root hair plexus
root hair plexus adapts slowly or quickly?	quickly
tactile discs adapts slowly or quickly?	slowly (tonic)
bublous corpuscles adapt slowly or quickly?	slowly (tonic)
lamellar courpuscles adapt slowly or quickly?	quickly
sensitive to touch and pressure and dettects pain and temp	free nerve endings
is free nerve endings adapt slow or fast?	slow (tonic) because always on
4 primary mechanoreceptors	tactile discs, bulbous corpuscles, lamellar corpuscles, and tactile corpuscles
tactile receptors provide sensations of	touch, pressure, and vibration
degree of mechanical disortion	pressure from tactile receptors
sensitive to physical stimuli that distort their plasma membranes	mechanoreceptors
mechanoreceptors contain what?	mechanically gated ion channels
mechanoreceptors contain mechanically gated ion channels that open or close in response to	stretching, compression, twisting, and other distortions of the membrane
this receptor responds to stretching, compression, twisting, and other distortion of the membrane	mechanoreceptors
3 classes of mechanoreceptors	tactile, baroreceptors, and proprioceptors
this is 3x more cold receptors than warm receptors	thermoreception
sensations of this fiber causes generalized activation of reticular formation and thalamus	type C fibers
you become aware of pain but only have a general idea of area affected	type c fibers
a functional map of primary somatosensory cortex	sensory homunculus
most of the homunculus is found where	longitudinal fissure
this pathway is collected by interoceptors monitoring visceral tissues and organs.	visceral sensory pathways
visceral sensory pathways is collected and monitered by	interoceptors
cell body lies in a CNS processing center	upper motor neuron
if this is damaged you cant send a command	upper motor neuron
controls contractions of skeletal muscles	somatic nervous system
always involve at least 2 motor neurons	somatic motor pathways
difference between upper and lower motor neuron	upper damage causes spacticity paralysis
upper motor neuron is found where?	cns
lower motor neuron is found where	brainstem or spinal cord
damage to this causes flaccid and no contraction	lower motor neuron
movement	cerebellum
seeing if you can match the pattern	basal nuclei
coordination and feedback control over muscle contractions	basal nuclei and cerebellum
provide background patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities	basal nuclei
they are working to make sure your intended movement is coming out to the way you intended it to	basal nuclei and cerebellum
basal nuclei adjusts activities of LMN or UMN	Upper motor neuron
basal nuclei is carried by which tract	corticospinal tracts
pattern recognition and intention	basal nuclei and cerebellum

Created by: mepando

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