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AP psych course rw
All units
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did psychology develop from its prescientific roots in early understandings of mind and body to the beginnings of modern science? | Psychology traces its roots back through recorded history to India, China, the Middle East, and Europe. Buddha and Confucius focused on the power and origin of ideas |
| Socrates/Plato | Pondered whether mind and body are connected or distinct, and whether human ideas are innate or result from experience. Concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies, and that knowledge is innate, born within us. |
| Aristotle | Also pondered whether mind and body are connected or distinct, and whether human ideas are innate or result from experience. Said knowledge is not preexisting, instead it grows from the experiences stored in our memories. |
| Rene Descartes | Concept of “dualism” in which the mind and body separate. |
| Francis Bacon | One of the founders of modern-day science and the scientific method. Francis Bacon's view of man is dualistic but, although he takes note of mental faculties, he makes the relation between mind and body. |
| John Locke | The mind at birth is tabula rasa “a blank state”. Founder of empiricism. |
| Define Empiricism | the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation. |
| What event defined the founding of modern scientific psychology? Who created it? | The opening of the University of Leipzig psychology laboratory in 1879. Created by Wilhelm Wundt |
| Who is Stanley G Hall? | G. Stanley Hall was the first president of the APA. Worked under William James, earning his PhD. |
| Define Structuralism | Understanding the conscious experience through introspection. (Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts) |
| Who is William James | "Father of American Psychology. Major contribution to psychology was his book, "The Principles of Psychology" in which he introduced the idea of stream of consciousness and the theory of emotion. |
| Define Functionalism | focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment. |
| Who is Mary Whiton Calkins | Mary Whiton Calkins completed all requirements toward the PhD in psychology, but Harvard University refused to award her that degree because she was a woman. She had been taught and mentored by William James. Studied memory and self-psychology. |
| Who is Margaret Floy Washburn | 1894, Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman awarded the doctoral degree in psychology. She wrote The Animal Mind: A Textbook of Comparative Psychology, and it was the standard in the field for over 20 years. |
| Define Experimental Psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific investigation of basic psychological processes such as learning, memory, and cognition in humans and animals. |
| Define Behaviorism | focus on observing and controlling behavior |
| Define Humanistic Psychology | Emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization. |
| Define Cognitive Neuroscience | subfield of neuroscience that studies the biological processes that underlie human cognition, especially in regards to the relation between brain structures, activity, and cognitive functions. |
| Define Psychology | scientific study of the mind and behavior |
| What is the key word in psychology's definition? | Scientific. |
| Fill in the Blank. The ______ science of psychology developed from the more established field of _____ and _______ | young, biology and philosophy. |
| Define Nature-Nurture Issue | the question of how much a person's characteristics are formed by either “nature” or “nurture.” “Nature” means innate biological factors (namely genetics), while “nurture” can refer to upbringing or life experience more generally. |
| Describe the importance of natural selection to evolutionary psychology. | It is the basis of evolutionary psychology along with Darwin's work. |
| Who is Charles Darwin | Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. |
| Define Natural Selection | A theory of evolution. The process through which species adapt to their environments. |
| The debate continues, yet the current resolution states: ____ works on what _____ endows. | Nurture, Nature |
| Define Levels of Analysis | The Levels of Analysis, often abbreviated to LOA, are the various ways of observation in psychology. The three LOAs are biological, cognitive, and sociocultural. |
| Define Biopsychosocial Approach | perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health |
| Behavioral Perspective | |
| Biological Perspective | |
| Cognitive Perspective | |
| Evolutionary Perspective | |
| Humanistic Perspective | |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | |
| Social-Cultural Perspective | |
| Define Psychometrics | |
| Define Basic Research |
Created by:
CarsonMac