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American Exceptionalism
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"Remember the Maine"
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APUSH: Chapter 21
APUSH chap 21: An Emerging World Power (1890-1918) vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| American Exceptionalism | idea that the American experience was different or unique from others, and therefore America had a unique or special role in the world, such as a "city upon a hill." - idea that the US had a unique destiny to foster democracy and civilization |
| "Remember the Maine" | After the U.S. battle cruiser Maine exploded in Havana harbor, the NYC Journal rallied its readers to this slogan for support for the war against Spain. Spanish connection to explosion was not found; cause was later found internal to the ship. |
| Teller Amendment | drafted by Henry M. Teller declared that the US had no desire for control in Cuba & pledged the US would leave the island alone. passed as the muckraking press were suggesting that the Cuban people would be better off "under the protection" of the U.S. |
| Insular Cases | court cases dealing with islands/countries that were recently annexed/demanded the rights of citizens. decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. |
| Platt Amendment | Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty. The US had forced Cuba to accept a proviso in its constitution that gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble |
| Open Door Policy | Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade. |
| Root-Takahira Agreement | A 1908 agreement with Roosevelt between the United States and Japan confirming principles of free oceanic commerce and recognizing Japan's authority over Manchuria. |
| Panama Canal | quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. US army corps of engineers hire 60,000 laborers, used 240 million cubic yards, and too eight years to build and allowed the US to have a commanding position in the western hemisphere. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine/unilateral declaration, stating that US had the right to protect its economic interests in South/Central America by military force and allowed the US the unrestricted right to regulate Caribbean affairs |
| Zimmerman Telegram | Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany. in turn, Germany would help Mexico recover the lost territory of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona |
| War Industries Board | Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency discourage waste in war-related industries. gov. agency oversaw production of all American factories. determined priorities, raw materials, fixed prices, told manufacturers what they could/n't produce |
| National War Labor Board | board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war - proposed eight hour work days for war workers with time and a half pay for overtime and endorsed equal pay for women |
| Commitee on Public Information | formed by President Wilson and journalist George Creel that had a goal to convince Americans that the war was a battle for democracy and freedom. used four-minute men to deliver pro-war speeches |
| Four-Minute Men | an enlistment of thousands of volunteers sent on tour by Pres. Wilson due to the CPI to present four minute pro-war propaganda speeches to the public - especially at movie theaters |
| Sedition Act of 1918 | Wartime law that prohibited any words or behavior that might promote resistance to the United States or help in the cause of its enemies. - words that might "incite, provoke, or encourage resistance to the US or promote the cause of enemies." |
| Great Migration | movement of over 400,000 African Americans during ww1 in cities like St. Louis, Chicago, New York, and Detroit. - these migrations caused a positive reaction for war jobs and was a source to patriotism |
| National Women's Party | militant feminist group led by Alice Paul argued the 19th Amendment was not enough to protect women's rights. believed they needed a more constitutional amendment that would provide legal protection of their rights and prohibit sex-based discrimination. |
| Fourteen Points | war aims by Pres. Wilson he believed it would promote peace; self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms, league of nations. victory at Versailles, called for progressiveness |
| League of Nations | world organization established to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946. |
| Treaty of Versailles | imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans. called upon by President wilson |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. |
| Alfred Mahan | US naval officer who was for imperialism. He thought that a bigger navy was needed to protect American ships and believed that the future of military power lay in the navy. Wrote Influence of Seapower on History |
| Queen Liliuokalani | Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interest. was frustrated with the US treaties and caused an annexation club that overthrew her ruling. |
| Emilo Aguinaldo | leader of Philippine Nationalists/rebel leader that said the US promised independence but it never came; rebelled but lost; US promised would "prepare them for self-rule" had taken the Philippine capital, Manila, with the help of the United States |
| Porifirio Diaz | President of Mexico, Mexican dictator who helped support American companies in their effort to buy mexican plantations, mines, and oil fields. in 1900s he began to realize the power of these foreign interest |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. |
| Herbert Hoover | Republican candidate assumed the presidency in 1929. convinced farmers to 2x their acreage of grain. allowed a threefold rise in food exports to Europe. promised Americans prosperity/attempted first deal with the Depression tried to restore public faith |
| Alice Paul | Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking. |
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