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Endocrine Meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of insulin did the nurse administer if she administers insulin at 8:30 and observes for symptoms of hypoglycemia at 11? | regular (peak is between 1.5-3.5 hours) |
| What precaution would the nurse take before administering isophane insulin suspension? | use calibrated insulin syringe (accurate dose) and monitor patients fasting glucose (prevent hypoglycemia) |
| What statement by the nurse about insulin administration indicates a need for further teaching? | insulin is administered IM |
| What statement about the administration of metformin is correct? | GI side effects are common (N/V is common, higher dose= more likely to occur) |
| What clinical sign is most characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis? | extreme thirst |
| What conditions in a patient with DM is indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis? | polyuria, extreme thirst, hyperglycemia, and kussmaul breathing |
| What response by the nurse is correct if a newly diagnosed patient with diabetes asks, "how does insulin normally work in the body?" | it promotes the uptake of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids (converted into substances that are stored in cells) |
| What symptoms of hypoglycemia would the nurse instruct that patients family to treat with a fast-acting carbohydrate source? | tremors, sweating, confusion, nervousness |
| Fast-acting carbohydrates | glucagon, milk, or juice |
| What information would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the administration of metformin for treatment of type 2 DM? | take medication with food (reduce GI disturbances) |
| What information would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the self-administration of regular insulin injectsions? | administer subq |
| What routes of administration are used to administer glucagon for the treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia? | subq, IV, and IM |
| The nurse is providing discharge education to a patient recently prescribed an oral antidiabetic med. What statements would be included in the teaching? | keep sugar-containing drinks/hard candy near you at all times, may require insulin during times of stress (infection/surgery), seek medical attention if s/s of increased thirst or fruity odor breath |
| What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland? | growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| What lab value would the nurse expect to be increased in a patient who is experiencing loss of memory, slow speech, and facial edema? | TSH--> myxedema |
| What action would the nurse take if a patient diagnosed with hyperthyroidism is prescribed methimazole? | assess for signs and symptoms of thyroid storm (exacerbation of hyperthyroidism symptoms) |
| What condition would the nurse suspect that the patient has developed if the nurse reviews the lab report and notes elevated thyroxine levels? | Graves disease |
| What symptoms are clinical indicators of Graves disease? | palpitations, nervousness, heat intolerance |
| What response would the nurse offer to a patient on levothyroxine who asks when symptoms of hypothyroidism will stop? | it can take 2 to 4 weeks before the medication is effective |
| What phrase about glucocorticoids is accurate? | they influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism |
| What clinical indicators of hypoglycemia would the nurse include when teaching a patient with type 1 diabetes? | headaches, sweating, and tachycardia |
| what hemoglobin A1C level indicates a diagnosis of DM in a patient? | greater than 6.5% (less than 5% is normal) |
| What factor contributes to the onset of type 2 DM ? | obesity |
| What nursing intervention would the nurse perform after administering 10 units of insulin aspart at 7? | make sure that patient eats breakfast immediately |
| What type of insulin is administered via IV? | regular |
| What information would the nurse include when teaching a patient how to administer insulin? | inject the insulin into the abdomen for the most consistent absorption |
| What intervention would the nurse implement when finding a patient with type 1 DM unresponsive, cold, and clammy? | administer glucagon |
| What type of diabetes mellitus is most common? | type 2 |
| What statement by the patient indicates a need for additional teaching if the nurse is teaching a patient with type 1 diabetes about required insulin therapy? | i will inject my insulin in the same spot each day |
| What patient would the nurse administer glucagon for the treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia? | the unconscious patient who has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL |
| The nurse administers regular insulin to a patient subq at 11. At what time does the nurse recognize the insulin will peak? | 1300 |
| The nurse is providing teaching to a patient with a new diagnosis of type 1 DM. Which patient statement indicates an understanding of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? | when i am really thirsty all of a sudden, i need to check my blood sugar |
| Which medication will the nurse anticipate administering to a patient with a blood glucose level of 48 mg/dL? | glucagon |
| What statement would be appropriate to provide a patient with a HbA1C of 8.5%? | your HbA1C level indicates a diagnosis of diabetes |
| What action would the nurse take when caring for a patient who is on levothyroxine and warfarin? | monitor for increased risk of bleeding (levo can compete with protein-binding sites of warfarin) |
| What information would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the safe administration of levothyroxina? | consult your health care provider before taking over-the-counter medications |
| What information would the nurse include when teaching a patient about prednisone therapy? | take the medication with food to diminish the risk of gastric irritation |
| What response by the patient indicates that the nurse's teaching was effective if the nurse is education a patient who is taking thyroid hormone replacement therapy? | i should take the tablet every morning on an empty stomach |
| What assessment finding is a priority for the nurse to address if the nurse is caring for a patient who has just begun levothyroxine therapy? | irritability |
| What action would the nurse take when administering vasopressin to a patient with diabetes insipidus? | monitor fluid status |
| What assessment helps determine the dosage of thyroid replacement drug for a patient? | the patient's serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels |
| Which sign or symptom would the nurse monitor for in a patient who received an improperly high dose of a hypothyroid drug for the treatment of myxedema? | increased heart rate |
| What thyroid preparation, considered the purest form of thyroxine (T4), is the drug of choice for hypothyroidism? | levothyroxine |
| What medication teaching point is appropriate for the patient who is beginning thyroid replacement therapy? | take the medication first thing in the morning on an empty stomach |
| Which instruction will the nurse give to a patient prescribed levothyroxine? | tell your health care provider if you have profuse sweating and palpitations while taking this medication |
| What instruction will the nurse give to a patient prescribed a corticosteroid? | do not go to large gatherings while taking this medicine (immune system suppression) |
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