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12.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social psychology | examines how people affect one another, and it looks at the power of the situation. |
| Situationism | is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. |
| dispositionism | In contrast, ---- holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors |
| internal factor | An ----- is an attribute of a person and includes personality traits and temperament. |
| fundamental attribution error | This erroneous assumption is called the ----- |
| individualistic culture | People from an ---, that is, a culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy, have the greatest tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error. |
| collectivistic culture | In contrast, people from a ---, that is, a culture that focuses on communal relationships with others, such as family, friends, and community (Figure 12.4), are less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error |
| The actor-observer bias | ---- is the phenomenon of attributing other people’s behavior to internal factors (fundamental attribution error) while attributing our own behavior to situational forces |
| attribution | We can understand self-serving bias by digging more deeply into ---, a belief about the cause of a result. |
| Self-serving bias | --- is the tendency to explain our successes as due to dispositional (internal) characteristics, but to explain our failures as due to situational (external) factors. |
| just-world | The ---- hypothesis is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve |
| Attitude | is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. |
| Psychologist Leon Festinger (1957) defined --- as psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, or opinions). | cognitive dissonance |
| Cognitive Dissonance | Smoking is bad for your heath<-[] ->I am a smoker |
| justification of effort | Another social psychology concept, ----, suggests that we value goals and achievements that we put a lot of effort into. |
| The central route | is logic driven and uses data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness. (Computer Nerd's obsessed with specs) |
| The peripheral route | is an indirect route that uses peripheral cues to associate positivity with the message (People attracted by celebrity advertisements) |
| foot-in-the-door technique | Using the [], the persuader gets a person to agree to bestow a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a bigger item. (wearing a button). |
| confederate | A ----- is a person who is aware of the experiment and works for the researcher. |
| Asch effect | The ----- is the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment. |
| normative social influence | In -----, people conform to the group norm to fit in, to feel good, and to be accepted by the group. |
| informational social influence | people conform because they believe the group is competent and has the correct information, particularly when the task or situation is ambiguous. |
| Groupthink | is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus |
| Group polarization | is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. |
| Social loafing | involves a reduction in individual output on tasks where contributions are pooled. |
| Deindividuation | Group situation in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and a resulting reduction in accountability and sense of self |
| instrumental aggression | In contrast, ----- is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire displays instrumental aggression. |
| Diffusion of responsibility | is the tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group (Bandura, 1999). |
| prosocial behavior. | Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called ---- |
| Altruism | is people’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping. |
| Empathy | is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what they feel. |
| Homophily | is the tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriage, business relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar |
| Self-disclosure | is the sharing of personal information |
| consummate love | Sternberg (1986) states that a healthy relationship will have all three components of love—intimacy, passion, and commitment—which is described as |
| social exchange theory | ----- we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others |
Created by:
Russells3709