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Egypt Flashcards
Unit 4 Egypt Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amun Ra/Re | The Sun god and King of the gods in the Egyptian creation story. He is known as the God of Creation and the God of the Rising Sun. |
| The Rosetta Stone | Ancient Egyptian tablet found in Rosette, Egypt and translated by Jean-Francois Champollion with the same message written in three languages. This allowed modern people to translate hieroglyphics. |
| Hieroglyphics | Ancient Egyptian writing that used pictures to represent letters, sounds, and complete words. It was decoded using the Rosetta Stone. This was one of the first written languages. |
| Monotheism | A belief in one god or deity. |
| Polytheism | A belief in many gods or deities. The Ancient Egyptians believed in multiple gods such as Amun Ra and Thoth. |
| Akhet | flooding season - worked on royal projects like building canals |
| Peret | planting season - tended and planted crops |
| Shemu | harvesting season - cut crops down and sold them |
| Anubis | The god that weighs spirits' hearts against the feather of Ma’at in the afterlife. Their hearts must not be weighed down by their bad deeds or Ammit will devour their soul |
| Mummification Process | 1. they take out all the organs except the heart 2. they stuff the corpse with natron and lay it in a bed with more natron for 35 days 3. They cover it with tree resin and then wrap it in linen. 4. put in a coffin |
| Basic Beliefs for the Mummification Process | -The purpose of mummification was to preserve the (Ka) body so the (Ba) spirit recognizes the body in the afterlife. -give a heart scarab amulet in order to prevent their hearts from betraying them when they are getting judged in the after-life. |
| Why do people settle in a particular location? (3 factors) | 1. Climate 2. Natural resources 2a.Water (fresh water) 2b. Vegetation of land 3.Topography - geographical features (mountains, hills, plains, deserts, valleys) |
| Why is water so important to the settlement of a particular place? (5 reasons) | 1.drink 2.bathe 3.source of food 4.irrigate (water) crops 5.transportation- (which leads to trade) |
| How did the Nile River influence the growth of trade in Egypt? | The Nile River allowed Egyptians to have more crops than they needed for themselves, a surplus. They were able to trade this surplus for goods they needed and desired. Trade became a big part of the Egyptian economy. |
| Early Dynastic Period | -Began when King Narmer/Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt -The invention of the Egyptian calendar and hieroglyphics are two major advancements made at that time. |
| King Menes/Narmer | First pharaoh of Egypt ever -Conquered Lower Egypt and united Upper and Lower Egypt. -Built his capital city in Memphis. |
| Old Kingdom | -known as the “Age of Pyramids” -Pharaoh Khifu constructed the Great Pyramid at Giza (the last 7 ancient wonders of the world that are still standing)). -Ended when the Egyptian government lost power and a period of chaos and famine spread. |
| Khufu’s legacy | -“Builder of the Great Pyramid” -established rules and standards for the pharaoh -declared himself a god - controlled Egypt's food supply, oversaw the harvest - He built the Great Pyramid - It became his tomb. |
| Middle Kingdom | -“Period of Reunification” -Capital was reestablished in Thebes -art, literature, architecture and education flourished. - ended when Hyksos conquered Egypt with new technology (horse drawn chariots, iron swords and armor). |
| Senusret I’s legacy | -Strong leader who ruled a stable and unified Egypt -Art, literature, architecture and education flourished under his reign -The “Story of Sinuhe” was written under his reign -He made temples and shrines, one of the most famous being the White Chapel |
| New Kingdom | Known as the “Empire Age” or the “Golden Age” Adopted new technology to defeat the Hyksos and take back power Period with lots of important pharaohs like: Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, Tutankhamen, Ramses II |
| Hatshepsut | -Was one of Egypt's only female pharaoh -Used trade to make Egypt wealthy -Filled government with loyal advisors and tried to seem manly to gain respect -Sent a trade expedition to Punt. -Built a monument called the Great Temple at Dayr-al Bahri. |
| Akhenaten | -King Tut’s father -tried to make Egypt monotheistic , and only worshiped the Aten. |
| King Tut | -Got the throne when he was 9 years old. -Undid his father’s attempt to make Egypt a monotheistic society. -Nicknamed “Boy King” His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter. It was the only relatively undisturbed tomb found to date. |
| Ramses II | -2nd longest serving pharaoh in Egyptian history. -fought alongside his father in battles - famous military campaign against the Hittite Empire -Signed the world’s first peace treaty with the Hittite Empire -built the temple complex at Abu Simbel |
| Late Dynastic Period | -Period of many foreign invaders like the Kushites, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Romans -Alexander the Great of Macedonia conquered Egypt. This Hellenistic age ended with Cleopatra VII. -Egypt became a Roman province after the death of Cleopatra |
| Cleopatra VII’s Legacy | -Last Pharaoh of Egypt. After she died Egypt became a Roman province -Part of the Ptolemaic Dynasty. -She stabilized Egypt -A well educated leader -Formed relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony, two important Roman leaders to protect Egypt |
| Valley of the Kings | -people decided to bury people there instead of the pyramids because they kept on being robbed. -A well hidden location -Mostabas - a smaller tomb that would attract less attention. |
| King Tut's connection to Howard Carter | -His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter. -He was funded by an English lord named Caravon. -It was the only relatively undisturbed tomb found to date. -Some people think there was a curse involved |
| What is the story involving Osiris, Set/Seth, Isis and Horus? | His brother Set killed him by trapping him in a coffin, chopping him into pieces and throwing him into the Nile. Isis searched for his parts. Osiris and Isis’s son, Horus, fought Set to avenge his father. Osiris became the king of the dead. |
| Stable Food Supply | - For 4 months called the Akhet, the Nile river flooded over the fields. It filled them with hapi and made the soil rich. -Used their surplus of crops to trade for goods. -People could sail upstream and float downstream on the Nile River. |
| Writing | -Hieroglyphics are Ancient Egyptian writing. It was decoded using the Rosetta Stone. -Ramses II signed the world’s first peace treaty with the Hittite Empire -The Story of Sinuhe - a piece of literature written under Senusret’s reign |
| Art | - Art, literature, architecture and education grew under Senusret's rule -The Narmer Palette -The Great Pyramid - 1 out of 7 ancient wonders of the world -The White Chapel -Hatshepsut’s Temple - 200 sphinx and 2 obelisks - Great Temple of Ramses II |
| Government | - Pharaohs had to perform rituals, build monuments, lead the military, create laws and collect taxes -Narmer, Khufu, Senusret I, Hatshepsut, King Tut, Ramses II and Cleopatra were all pharaohs of Egypt. |
| Social Structure | -Pharaohs acted as kings, generals, and religious leaders |
| Technology | -Egyptian calendar was invented during the Early Dynastic Period. -Used ramps to build pyramids -adopted new technology like chariots, swords and metal armor (iron over bronze) to defeat the Hyksos. |
| Religion | -believed in a polytheistic religion - multiple gods like Amun Ra, & Osiris -Pharoahs declared themselves gods and the embodiment of Horus. -Akhenaten a monotheistic religion; worshiped the Aten -mummified dead bodies because of religious beliefs. |
Created by:
Chuang28