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Ch 4,5,6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Salutary Neglect | Informal British policy during the early 1700s that allowed colonies freedom in exchange for colonial obedience |
| Mercantilism | Policy of Great Britain and other imperial powers of regulating colonial economies to benefit the mother country |
| Navigation Acts (1650-1775) | Restrictions passed by the British Parliament to control colonial trade and bolster mercantilism |
| Glorious Revolution (1688) | Overthrew King James II and instated William of Orange to the throne |
| Natural rights | Locke's beliefs of individual's rights to life, liberty, and happiness that should not be violated |
| Albany Plan of Union (1754) | Proposal by Franklin to unite the northern colonies under one president for the French and Indian War, failed |
| French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) (1756-1763) | Last and most important of 4 colonials wars between England and France for control of NA east of the Mississippi river |
| Treaty of Paris (1763) | Ended the French and Indian War, British won and gained a lot of land. |
| Pontiac's Rebellion (1763) | Native attacks on British forts after France ceded their territory to British without consulting the Natives |
| Royal Proclamation of 1763 | Boundary along the Appalachian Mountains enacted to minimize colonists-natives violence |
| Stamp Act (1765) | required all printed materials in colonies use paper with an official tax stamp to pay for British military protection of colonies |
| Sugar Act and Currency Act (1764), Quartering Act (1765) | Raised revenues and forced colonies to house soldiers, start of American hatred to England |
| Virtual Representation | idea that colonies were "virtually" represented in Parliament without having an actual representative |
| Sons of Liberty (1770s) | colonists who militarily resisted British control of colonies, organized by Samuel Adams |
| Daughters of Liberty | Women who protested British tax policies by weaving their own clothing |
| Townshend Acts (1767) | Taxed tea, paper, lead and other imports, wanted to get money from colonies |
| Loyalists | Colonists who were loyal to Britain |
| Patriots | Colonists who rebelled against British authority |
| Boston Massacre (1770) | Violent confrontation between British soldiers and Boston mob, leading to 5 killed |
| Committee of Correspondence | Group organized by Samuel Adams due to the Gaspee incident that started rebellion. |
| Boston Tea Party (1773) | Sons of Liberty drew lots of British Tea into the sea due to the passage of the Tea Act of 1773 |
| Coercive Acts (1774) | required colonists to pay for Boston Tea Party's damages, imposed a military government, forced quartering of troops, and disallowed trials |
| First Continental Congress (1774) | compact for all colonies to boycott British goods |
| Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775) | Deemed first battle of the rebellion, British tried to confiscate smuggled goods but would be pushed out |
| Common Sense (1776) | Pamphlet by Thomas Paine attack British principles and advocating for American independence |
| Declaration of Independence (1776) | Formal statement drafted by Thomas Jefferson, adopted by Second Continental Congress, and announced 13 colonies break with Britain |
| Citizen Soldiers | Part time citizen soldiers, mostly poor farmers or immigrants/indentured servants |
| Battles of Saratoga (1777) | Defeat of 5k British troops, convinced France to join side of Patriots |
| Alliance With France (1778) | Critical alliance with US and France |
| Valley Forge (1777-78) | American encampment where 3.5k soldiers deserted or died |
| Battle of King's Mountain (1780) | Battle between Loyalists and Patriots that undermined British influence in the south |
| Battle of Yorktown (1781) | Last major battle of the Revolution, Cornwallis surrendered to Washington |
| Treaty of Paris (1783) | Ended the war, England recognized US as independent, gave land to the Mississippi River |
| Republican Ideology | belief in representative democracy which citizen elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf |
| State Constitutions | Charters that defined relationship between state and local governments, protected individual's rights from violation by the national government. |
| Articles of Confederation | First form of government for the US, ratified in 1781, weak in central authority, replaced by Constitution in 1787 |
| Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom (1786) | Law in Virginia that guaranteed freedom of religion |
| Northwest Ordinance (1787) | Land policy for new western territories in Ohio Valley, established terms and conditions for self government and statehood as well as banned slavery from the region |
| Shay's Rebellion (1786-87) | Armed farmers seeking debt reliefs from state legislature through issuing paper currency and lowering taxes |
| Federalism | dividing authority between national and state governments |
| Separation of Powers | strict division of powers among the three branches, using checks and balances |
| Anti Federalists | Opponents of Constitution, led to Bill of Rights |
| The Federalist Papers (1887-88) | 85 essays supporting the adoption of the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights (1791) | 10 amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing individual rights, allowed to secure ratification of the Constitution |
| Jeffersonian Republicans | Opposed the Federalist Party, also called Democratic-Republican Party |
| Alexander Hamilton's economic reforms (1790-91) | Various measures to strengthen the economy and generate federal revenue through new industries, new tax policies, payment of war debts, and a national bank |
| Bank of the United States (1791) | National bank responsible for holding/transferring federal funds, making business loans, and issuing national currency |
| French Revolution | Movement beginning in 1789 that overthrew the monarchy, made France unstable republic before Napoleon took over in 1799 |
| Jay's Treaty (1794) | Agreement between Britain and US that settled disputes over trade, prewar debts, British occupied forts, and impressment |
| Whiskey Rebellion (1794) | protest by farmers against tax on corn whiskey, put down by federal army |
| Election of 1796 | Election between Adams and Jefferson, with Adams barely winning |
| Quasi War with France and XYZ Affair | Conflict with French due to Jay's Treaty between England and US, XYZ tried to extract bribe leading to increased hostility against french |
| Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 | Limited the speech and press, restricted the liberty of immigrants, hostile to French immigrants |
| Election of 1800 | Jefferson and Adams, first Democratic-Republican victory |
Created by:
tfeng1822