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rad review 01
Thorax/abdomden/extremities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| single contrast BE studies are likely to demonstrate: | The anatomy and contour of the large bowel, as well as anything that may project out from the bowel wall (e,g., diverticula) |
| A patient is usually required to drink barium sulfate suspension to demonstrate which of the following structures? | Oral administration of barium sulfate is used to demonstrate the upper digestive tract: the esophagus, the fundus, body, and pylorus of the stomach; and the small bowelconsisting of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum(not ilium). |
| The large bowel is usually demonstrated via ______________ administration of barium | rectal |
| What is the usual barium enema sequence of filling? | Rectum—sigmoid—decending colon—transverse colon— and ascending colon |
| Compound fracture | The fractured/splintered ends of the bone are forced through the skin. |
| closed fracture | no bone protrudes the skin |
| compression fracture | seen in stressed areas such as the vertebrae |
| Depressed fractured | would not protrude but rather would be pushed in |
| The secondary center of ossification in long bones is the: | Epiphysis |
| To demonstrate air or fluid levels, the ____ or _________ position should be used | Erect or decubitus |
| Small amounts of fluid within the peritoneal or pleural space are best demonstrated in the ___________________ position | Lateral decubitus |
| Small amounts of air within the peritoneal or pleural space are best demonstrate in the ____________ position | Left lateral decubitus |
| the stomach of an asthenic patient is most likely to be located | Low,vertical, and toward the midline |
| the sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which position? | Anterior obliques The patient is oblique about 15 deg with the side of interest adjacent to the IR |
| A decubitus is good for air levels because it allows the air to accumulate around the_______________________ | Homogenous liver |
| A tumor with a pedicle(stalk) that is found commonly 9n vascular organs projecting inward from its mucosal wall | Polyp |
| Refers to the movement of an arm or leg away from the body, or spreading the digits apart | Abduction |
| Refers to movemnet of a part toward midline | Adduction |
| When the erect position is requested as part of an IVU, it is used to demonstrate | kidney mobility |
| The pyloric canal and duodenal bulb are best demonstrated during an upper GI series in which of the following positions? | RAO |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has 2 main froms which are | chronic bronchitis Pulmonary emphysema |
| Which of the following is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children? | Intussusception |
| Which are the fat pads that may be visible on the lateral projection of the elbow during trauma ? | Posterior Anterior Supinator |
| To demonstrate a profile view of the glenoid fossa, the patient is AP recumbent and obliqued 45 degrees toward ___________ | toward the affected side |
| Which radiographic examination can demonstrate ureteral reflux? | Voiding cystourethrogram |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome shows impingement of what nerve? | Median |
| varus and valgus deformities of the knee are best evaluated with | AP weight bearing projection |
| What methods are used primarily to visualize the intercondylar fossa? | Holmblad method Camp-coventry beclere |
| Widening of the intercostal spaces is a characteristic of which of the following conditions? | Emphysema |
| a compression fracture of the posterolateral humeral head and associated wiht an anterior dislocationof the glenohumeral joint is called an | Hill-Sachs defect |
| The sternum is generally projected to the ____ side of the vertebral column | left |
| T/F: it is helpful to project the sternum over the heart | true |
| T/F: a thin chest would require a greater degree of obliquity to separate the vertebrae and the sternum from superimposition than would a thick chest | True |
| The carpal tunnel is best demonstrated through the | Gaynor-Hart method of tangential wrist projection |
| The body habits characterized by a long and narrow thoracic cavity and low midline stomach and gallbladder is | asthenic |
| how many ribs should be seen in a PA chest? | 10 |
| T/F: In a PA chest, the scapulae should be free of superimposition with the lung field | True |
| Which projection of the ankle would best demonstrate the distal tibiofibular joint> | Medial obl 45 deg |
| Below-diaphragm ribs are better demonstrated when | the patient is in recumbent position and by taking the exposure at the end of exhalation |
| in which of the following positions can the sesamoid bones of the foot be demonstrated to be free of superimposition with metatarsals or phalanges? | Tangential metatarsals/toes |
| which of the following positions will demonstrate the right axillary ribs? | LAO RPO |
| Which examination would most likely be performed to diagnose wilm’s tumor? | IVU |
| The medical term for congenital club foot is | talipes |
| Polyps and Colitis are best demonstrated in what contrast BE? | Double contrast |
| Impingement on the wrist’s median nerve causing pain and disability of the affected hand and wrist is known as | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Which position places the patients head lower than the rest of the body? | Trendelenburg |
| __________ is a respitory condition in which the patient has difficulty breathing(dyspnea) in any position other than erect | Orthopnea |
| When the heart is seen on the right side it is termed: | Dextrocardia |
| The the lateral malleolus, medial malleolus , and posterior tibia are all fractured, this is termed: | trimalleolar fracture |
| A tangential(settegast) projection of the patella for trauma should not be performed until a transverse fracture has been ruled out with a ________projection | lateral |
| Which procedure requires that the patient be placed in the lithotomy position? | Hysterosalpingography |
| In a double contrast BE, the bowel wall (mucosa) is coated with barium, and then the lumin is filled with air. This enables visualization of: | Any intraluminial lesions such as polyps and tumor masses |
| What radiologic position functions to dilate the stenotic vessel? | percutaneous angioplasty |
| What are two methods to better demonstrate the interphalangeal joints of the toes? | 1.angle the CR 15degrees cephalic 2. place a sponge wedge under the foot with the toes elevated 15 degrees |
| during knee athrography, into what space is the contrast medium injected? | Synovial capsule |
| The fundus is that portion of the stomach located | Superior to the esophageal juncture |
| What views may be used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint? | 1.Scapular Y view 2.Inferosuperior axial view (when patient is able to abduct arm) 3.Transthoracic lateral(when patient is unable to aduct arm) |
| varus | An abnormal position in which a part or limb is forced inward toward the midlineof the body |
| After a positive-contrast exam, the AP oblique positions (RPO/LPO) demonstrate _______________ | the colonic structures farther from the IR |
| edema | fluid acumulation following trauma |
| ascites | anaccumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| The type of ileum characterized by cessation of peristalsis is termed | paralytic |
| Shoulder arthrogrphy is a method of imaging that involves injecting a contrast agent into the joint space to visualize : | the joint capsule, rotator cuff,long head of the biceps muscle,articular cartilage, and other soft tissue anatomy within the shoulder joint |
| When a radiographic procedure is ordered to evaluate the colon of a patient with known severe diverticulitis, which of the followig methods would be considered the safest option for the patient? | Water - soluble iodinated contrast enema |
| osteomalacia + tech. Factors | softening of bones so it becomes flexible, brittle, and deformed dcrease in tech factros |
| atelectasis + tech. Factors | Collapsed or airless lung Tech.factors increased |
| Emphysema + tech.Factors | distension of tissues with air +decrease in tech. Factors |
| Blood is returned to the left atrium, from the lungs, via the | pulmonary veins |
| which portion of the barium-filled intestine is best demonstrated in the RAO position? | Right colic flexure |
| Which of the following articulations is/are well visualized in the extension lateral (knife) position of the hand? | Radiocarpal only |
| what theraputic method may be used to reduce intussusception of the small bowel in a child? | Retrograde insufflation of air |
| Correct preparation for a patient scheduled for a lower GI (BE) series is most likely to be | Cathartics and cleansing enemas |
| T/F: Hiatal hernia can often cause gastroesophageal reflux | true |
| in which procedure is Quiet, shallow breathing is recommended during the exposure to obliterate prominent pulmonary vascular markings | 1.Oblique sternum 2.Lateral t-spine 3.AP scapula |
| on what examination is exposure on full expiration required? | Below diaphragm ribs |
| The metacarpalcarpo joint of the thumb is what type of joint? | dIARTHROTIC JOINT |
| The condition that allows blood to shunt between the right and left ventricles is called | Ventricular septal defect |
| Osgood schlatter diesease | most common in adolescent boys, involving osteochondritis of the tibial tuberosity epiphysis |
| To demonstrate esophageal varices, the patient must be examined in the _____ position | Recumbent position affords more complete filling of the veins to see the varices( tortuous dilatations of the esophageal veins) |
| gas producing powder or crystals usually are ingested for which of the following examinations | Double contrast GI |
| Cells concerned with the formation and repair of bone are | osteoblasts |
| Abnormal accumulation of air in pulmonary tissues, resulting in over distention of the alveolar spaces is | emphysema |
| What vessel does not carry oxygenated blood? | Pulmonary artery |
| Which of the following fracture classifications describes a small bony fragment pulled from a bony process? | Avulsion fracture |
| comminuted fracture | one which the bone is broken or splintered into pieces |
| a greenstick fracture with one cortex buckled and the other intact | Torus fracture |
| During an IVU, the RPO position is used to demonstrate the | 1.left kidney parallel to the IR 2.right kidney perp. tothe IR |
| high kilo voltage exposure factors are usually required for radiographic examinations using | Barium sulfate |
| a near frontal AP/PA view of the sternum is best accomplished using wihc position? | RAO |
| Which of the anatomic structures listed below is seen most anteriorly in a lateralal chest? A.esophagus B.trachea C.cardiac apex D.superimposed scapular borders | C.cardiac apex |
| What CR angulation is required for the PA axial scaphoid? | 10-15 proximal |
| The greater turbecle soulder would be demonstrated in what position? | AP shoulder, external |
| Particulate matter entering the respiratory bronchi can cause | Pneumoconiosis |
| In the lateral projection of the knee, the central ray is angled 5* cephalad to prevent superimposition of which of the following structures on the joint space? | Medial femoral condyle |
| For the AP axial projection of the sigmoid during barium enema, which CR angulation is recommended? | 30-40 cephalic |
| the manubrial notch is at approximately the same level as the | T2-3 interspace |
| Plane or “gliding joint" | marked by a sliding/gliding motion between the sternum and clavicle. This type of joint does not allow for much movement |
| Spherical or "ball and socket” joints | Are freely movable and are found in the hip and shoulder joints |
| Ginglymus or “hinge" joints | are found in the interphalangeal and elbow joints |
| Trochoid or “pivot” joints | Are found between C1 and C2 and between the radius and ulna (proximal and distal) |
| Another name for Hirschsprung’s disease, the most common cause of lower GI obstruction in neonates, is | Congenital megacolon (diagnosed by BE) |
| Pyloric stenosis is a condition of the________ | upper GI tract |
| difference between ilium and ileum | Ilium is a pelvic bone Ileum is part of the small intestine |
| Which cholangiographic procedure uses an indwelling drainage tube for contrast medium administration? | T-Tube cholangiogram |
| Whenever a part is being radiographed for demonstration of air fluid levels, the centra ray must be directed __________ to the floor | parallel to the floor |
| a spontaneous fracture most likely would be associated with | pathology |
| Crepitus refers to | a crackling sound made my the body part |
| T/F: chest radiographs and barium filled stomach might require the use of 120 kVp? | True |
| What projection is used to obtain a lateral projection of the upper humerus on patients who are unable to abduct their arm? | Transthoracic lateral |
| In a PA projection, what tube angle is correct for an axial clavicle? | 15 to 30 caudal |
| The axial __________ projection requires that the CR enter the dorsal surface of the foot and exit the plantar surface | dorsoplantar |
| T/F: Pneumothorax is demonstrated more clearly on expiration because collapse of the lung is accenuated | true |
| which projection is most likely to demonstrate the carpal pisiform free of superimposition? | AP (medial) Oblique |
| Rickets (younger children) and osteomalcia are disorders in which there is softening of the _______ which is a lack of normal bone calcification | Bone |
| the secondary center of ossification in long bones is the | Epiphysis |
| What projection will the talocalcaneal joint be visualized? | plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus |
| sternoclavicular articulations are demonstarted in: | RAO LAO PA |
| posterior displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the _________ projection | lateral projection |
| Which projections or positions will best demonstrate subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation? | PA oblique scapular Y |
| the AP internal oblique will best demostrate which part of the elbow? | coronoid process |
| Which projection is most useful for bone age evaluation? | PA hand |
| ___________________ are used to evaluate rotator cuff tear, glenoid labrum, and frozen shoulder | Shoulder arthrograms |
| _____________ radiographs of the shoulder demonstrate arthritis | routine |
| The addition of __________ humerus or ____________ projection would be used to demonstrate lunation (dissociation) | Transthoracic , scapular Y |
| Whis position can be used to demonstrate a vertical patellar fracture and the patellofemoal articulation? | Tangential patella (sunrise) |
| Which view of the knee is used to demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa? | Tunnel view |
| Which view would best demonstrate arthritic changes in the knee? | AP erect |
| When the patient is of sthenic habitus with a distance of 19 to 24 cm between the ASIS and table top, the CR is directed _________ | Perpendicular |
| When the patient is of asthenic habitus with a distance of less than 19cm between the ASIS and table top, the CR is directed _______ | 5 degrees caudad |
| When the patient is of hypersthenic habitus and the ASIS to table measurement is greater than 24 cm, the CR is directed______ | 5 degrees cephalad |
| What process is best seen using.a perpendicular CR with the elbow in acute flexion and with the posterior aspect of the humerus adjacent to the IR? | Olecranon |
| in which position of the shoulder is the lesser tubercle demonstrated in profile on the medial aspect of the humeral head? | internal rotation |
Created by:
daniel.velazco004