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Block 5 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arrangement of fixed liquid and vapor contamination detection points used to quickly confirm or deny the presence of CBRN contamination across a specific area, | Threat Detection Grid TDG |
| TDG uses | Liquid and vapor chem detectors, rad and bio air sampler |
| TDG placement | 200 - 400m apart |
| TDG arrangement dependent on | threat, terrain, mission, and available equipment at your location. |
| TDG priority | placed to ensure maximum detection and warning capability exists for operations that directly affect this function (air power, flight line, C2) |
| Dice 5 | a highly flexible detection array consisting of a detector at the center of critical operations with an additional detector placed in each cardinal direction. covers smaller areas with limited equipment |
| Circle Employment” | Completely encircles critical operations with detectors. This method is useful when protecting resources in areas with frequently shifting winds, as well as “critical node” operations, resource intensive and provides poor coverage in the area within |
| Picket line | detectors in a line perpendicular to the wind, upwind of asset or mission. This method lacks flexibility because it can only be used when the direction of the wind and attack are constants. |
| “Semicircle Employment” | places detectors upwind of the protected area. The semicircle differs in the arch the detectors are placed in. This arch allows for greater flexibility concerning wind direction and enemy attack direction. |
| Dense Picket | detectors in staggered lines throughout and around the area. This represents the ideal detector placement method in regards to coverage, but is extremely resource intensive. |
| Reconnaissance | Mission to obtain information on an adversary or area |
| Surveillance | Deliberate observation of an area by any means to gather info on it |
| Monitor | checking an environment using passive measures for the presence of CBRN hazards |
| Observe | monitoring share the same end goal of determining the presence of CBRN hazards in an environment, but does not use any equipment to achieve this goal. |
| Detect | determining/confirming the presence of a CBRN hazard |
| Locate | used to determine the rough location of a CBRN hazard |
| Survey | active effort to determine the extent of contamination |
| Identify | determines the specific agent present in the environment |
| Quantify | determining the specific amount of an agent in an environment |
| Collect | the gathering and removing of samples from an environment for testing or use as evidence |
| Report | provide the commander with relevant information on the CBRN hazard |
| AF Emergency Manager primarily concerned with | Threat detection grid operations • Dismounted Reconnaissance and Surveillance • Facility survey and exploitation • CBRN Control Center Operations |
| Mounted CBRN R&S operations | performed using vehicles to increase the speed and amount of area that can be covered, M1135 Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle (NBCRV) is the primary mounted CBRN reconnaissance vehicle used by the US Army |
| Dismounted CBRN R&S operations | performed with little vehicle support, |
| Aerial CBRN R&S operations | conducted during radiological surveys, cover a much larger area in a shorter period of time |
| Locate techniques | used to determine a rough location where CBRN hazards exist, used in conjunction with mounted reconnaissance techniques over a large area. |
| Zigzag | high probability of detecting contamination because the surface area not traversed is less than that of other locate techniques |
| Lane | very similar to the zigzag technique |
| cloverleaf | time-consuming; however, it provides information about a large area |
| Grid | used when accuracy is paramount, overlaying a grid on the mission area map, not considered a first resort when conducting locate operations due to the time required to search every point |
| Survey methods | Nearside far side, bounce and bypass, box, star, place signage 10-20 m outside of contam edge |
| nearside far side | used to quickly determine the far boundaries of contamination after it’s been found using locate techniques |
| bounce and bypass | used to locate the general boundaries of a CBRN contaminated area, associated with defining a clean route for follow-on forces to proceed through |
| box | most accurate method of defining the boundaries of contamination. Because it is so thorough, it is also very time consuming. |
| star | used to quickly cover a large area and define the edges of contamination, used to quickly cover a large area and define the edges of contamination |
| Most dangerous part of R&S missions | Facility Survey and Exploitation FSE |
| 4 phases of FSE | Set up, survey, sampling, recovery |
| Set up | Before anyone enters the mission area, a decontamination capability must be established in the event of an emergency evacuation, teams should unpack and prepare for entry |
| Survey | all of the reconnaissance performed to determine the layout and hazards associated with the mission area, may take multiple entries depending on the size of the mission area. record the area, monitor for hazards, and communicate with the ICP |
| Monitoring during surveying | O2, LEL/UEL, VOC's, Rad |
| green chem lites | mark entry and exit |
| red chem lites | mark hazards |
| room is surveyed | clockwise |
| room is divided into | 4 quadrants |
| One slash | team entered room |
| X | team entered and left room |
| X with circle | room requires addtl review |
| info added below | denote safety hazards |
| arrow | indicates direction of travel |
| high priority communications | monitoring results, items of interest, intel info, team status |
| sampling | samples may need to be taken for analysis or for evidentiary purposes |
| Recovery | After all objectives have been completed, the recovery phase will begin, Once the recovery phase starts the person in charge of the incident site is referred to as the Recovery Operations Chief |
| sample management | process when samples are collected, packaged, transported, stored, transferred, analyzed, tracked and disposed. This process begins with the decision to collect CBRN samples |
| four different levels of identification | definitive, field confirmatory, presumptive and theater validation |
| Sample types | • Solid Chemical • Solid Biological • Environmental Vegetation • Liquid Chemical • Liquid sample using tubing • Liquid Biological • Chemical Wipe • Dry Biological Swab • Wet Biological Swab • Dry Biological Wipe • Wet Biological Wipe |
| Label requirements | Date acquired, Sample sequence number, Sample collection, unit identification code, Sampler identification |
| container requirements | container should be made of material that is chemically nonreactive with the sample, and it should maintain physical integrity during normal handling and shipment, must have enough room for samples for repeat analyses. should be sterile and unused |
| lab times | CONUS to CONUS 6 hours, OCONUS to CONUS 24-48 |
| Chain of custody | provides uninterrupted chronological documentation of the collection, custody, control, transfer, and disposition of a sample |
| Quicksilver Sampling Kit | divided into three sections: sampling tools, utilities, and administrative supplies, Nine chem sample Nine biological samples Six rad samples (wipe) or 30 Three explosive samples (not used by 3E9s). Dark blue=liquid, yellow= solid, red=wipe,teal=bio |
| M34A1 Sampling Kit | divided into four sections to make it easy to find supplies for liquid, solid, or wipe samples, 2-3 of each type |
| ideal sample team | 3 people, 2 minimum |
| dirty person | overall control of sample collection, assist w set up, identify what needs to be collected, take sample close to original location, dont spread contam |
| clean person | prepares equipment, hands collection tools to dirty, dont cross contaminate, maintain log notebook, take pics/video |
| element leader/recorder | overall control of sample collection, sample collection kit, maintains sample log notebook, assist clean person, takes pics/video |
| Sample types | help you develop the sampling plan minimum amount of material needed for the sample will vary greatly from one type to another |
| Sample priorities | 1, 2, 3 |
| Priority 1 | bulk agents (contents of drums, barrels, final laboratory products) and delivery systems. |
| Priority 2 | Environmental samples (soil, liquid, vegetation, and air) from areas where alleged chemical, biological, and radiological incidents have occurred. |
| Priority 3 | acquisition of chemical, biological, and radiological defensive materials, such as antidote kits, decontamination equipment, detection gear, and protective equipment. |
| Air collection | conducted to determine the presence of contamination, determine background levels of certain particulates in the air prior to performing certain missions, RADeCO, DFU, Drager CDS |
| Water Sample | may be necessary to determine if water supply sources have become contaminated, may be necessary to determine if water supply sources have become contaminated, density will impact |
| Soil Sample | used to determine the nature and extent of contamination and to find areas where hazardous substances are present, taken as soon as possible after the suspected release of an agent and in areas of discoloration Duplicate samples should be taken, |
| Bulk sample | solids, liquids, and powders taken from containers, tubs, and drums. Bulk samples are not to be confused with water or soil samples, consider sample size, quantity, safety, collection expertise, transport req. |
| surface sample | contact hazards and consists of metals, dust particles, and/or unseen materials that collect on surfaces, ex hard smooth non porus, soft rough porus, fragile substrates, oily/contam surfaces, dermal sample |
| Vegetation Sample | excellent means for collecting samples, Collect samples of vegetation that are not consistent with healthy plants, take samples as close to the center of the affected area as possible, and then another from 100 meters upwind, require larger sample size |
| background sample | needed for air, vegetation, soil, and water sampling, and are often referred to as a control sample, be of the same type or texture of the primary sample, 500m upwind |
| sampling techniques | discrete, composite, grab, surface |
| discrete | used when the sample media is soil. A discrete sample is collected from a single point to obtain a sample that accurately portrays the soil conditions at a specific area |
| composite | soil or water contamination, mixture of multiple samples collected from a defined area, called aliquots, soil sample 5-10 samples, water - 3 (surface, mid, bottom) |
| grab | preferred technique, single sample removed at a single point |
| surface | process of wiping surfaces that contain suspected contaminants with approved material (swabs, cloths, tape, and vacuums |
| 3 basic strategies | random systemic judgmental |
| random | used when the area of concentration is unknown or when suspicion is the only thing determining area selection |
| Systematic | samples are taken at predetermined intervals. |
| Judgmental | areas for collection are selected based on the assessment or determination of the sample collection team., series of grab samples from the areas considered to be the most likely areas of contamination. |
| collection needs | Collection Tool • Gloves • Ground Tarp • Sample container • Secondary container • Sample transport bag • Bleach Wipes • Sample Labels • Tamper Tape • Pre-cut ParaFilm • Scissors • Sample Log Book • Permanent Marker or Pen |
| S pattern | first wipe up and down w/ whole pad, then side to side w/ pad folded in half, then up and down again with 1/4 pad |
| decreasing concentric squares | whole pad in big outer square, half pad on middle square, 1/ pad on smallest square |
| chain of custody forms | DD 1911, DA4137, CDC lab response network CoC form |
Created by:
alyssawicks