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socfin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| public order crimes are often called ______ crime | victimless |
| which of the following does not usually end in homicide - intense emotion, gun violence, fights, arguments | arguments |
| environmental crimes, illegal credit card manipulation, insider trading in financial institutions, bribery of public officials, and computer crimes are examples of | corporate crimes |
| women comprise about 81% of all arrests for violent crimes and about 63% of all arrests for property crime | false |
| how much of the public fears of being murdered | 1/5 |
| according to the text, what is known to be the most serious crime | homicide |
| what age group accounts for 40% of all arrests | 15-24 |
| how would you define a white collar crime | a crime committed by a person with a respectable and high social status in his occupation |
| who most commonly commits white collar crime | people with high social status |
| what is another name for a consensual crime | victimless crime |
| abortion rates differ by region and is highest in the _____ and lowest in the _____ | northeast; midwest |
| alice is a very strictly catholic woman who lives in the united states. according to the General Social Survey, which laws regarding pornography would she most likely agree with | there should be laws against the distribution of pornography whatever the age |
| which theory explains that prostitution exists because it serves several important functions for society generally and for certain people in society | functionalist theory |
| _______ may be defined as printed or visual materials that are sexually explicit and that are intended to arouse sexual excitement rather than artistic appreciation | pornography |
| what two groups have been speaking the truth about pornography | religious organizations and individuals who condemn pornography as a violation of religious value |
| ______ saw a substantial change in many aspects of Americans sexual behavior and in how they thought about sex | sexual revolution |
| unplanned pregnancies make up about _____ | 1/5 of pregnancies |
| recent studies show that 1.2 million abortions occur annually in the US, down from a peak of 1.6 million abortions in 1990. how does the book explain this decrease | there is a decline in facilities that provide abortions and a decrease stems from a drop in unwanted pregnancies |
| ______ states prohibit the use of state funds unless the womans life is in danger or the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest | 32 |
| what famous phrase did some writer put thirty years ago regarding pornography | pornography is the theory, rape is the practice |
| the mafia portrayed in the godfather movies would be considered | organized crime |
| Why is it mostly important to not assume that all criminals are the same? | Some of them are high-profile people with wealth that partake in white-collar crime. |
| In Robert K. Merton's anomie theory, criminality can be the result of the adaptation called innovation. In committing crime, the innovator __________. | accepts success goals, but abandons socially approved means of attaining them |
| Which group accounts for 13 percent of the population and 39 percent of all arrest for violent crimes? | African Americans |
| ______ characterizes a response in which people reject economic success and working and work to bring about a new society with new values and a new economic system? | rebellion |
| Two-thirds of the public said in a 2011 Gallup poll that crime had risen from the previous year. | true |
| According to the text, the nature of the __________ itself is a major hindrance to rehabilitative efforts. | prison system |
| Which theory attracted immediate attention and is one of the most popular and influential theories in criminology today? | social bonding theory |
| Prostitution, gambling, vagrancy, and disorderly conduct are all forms of __________ crime. | public |
| What is the government's primary source of crime data? | ucr |
| What is the best method to prevent the need/ want of abortion? | better sex education |
| What is planned parenthood? | Organization that does research and gives advice on family planning, contraception , and reproductive problems. |
| Which part of the United States has the highest teen pregnancy? | south |
| Which country has the highest number of annual births per 1,000 women aged 15-19? | the united states |
| How many sexual behaviors types increase the risk of transmitting or contracting and STD? | three |
| What may be define as pornography? | explicit visual sexual material, material used to arouse sexual excitement, and videos containing sexual acts |
| Which two groups have been most outspoken about their condemnation of pornography? | Religious organizations and feminists |
| Gary is more likely to watch pornography than his female friend of the same age? | true |
| What one of the largest issues with higher education? | the cost |
| ___ percent of male students experience at least one act of violence annually, compared to about ___ percent of female students. | 8, 4 |
| What race has the highest dropout rate? | Latinos and Native Americans |
| _____ is when parents and their children, primarily from low-income families in urban areas receive public funds to attend a school different from their neighborhood. | School choice |
| To improve low-income student's school performance our society must what? | Address the problems of poverty |
| What are the three states with a ban on affirmative action? | California, Florida, Texas |
| A ______________ in a Chicago suburb had seven gyms and an Olympic-sized swimming pool. | high school |
| Kayla got accepted into a top Florida university and one of her classmates attributed it to affirmative action. Was her race a factor in her acceptance? | No, affirmative action is banned in Florida universities. |
| Which of the following is NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality? | mandatory tutoring |
| According to the book what percentage of high school graduates enroll in college the fall following graduation? | 65% |
| Today, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that about ________ U.S. households are maintained by heterosexual cohabiting couples. | six million |
| Women usually suffer more than men financially after a divorce | true |
| In a 2010 poll what percentage of Americans under age 30 said that they didn't want to get married? | 5% |
| A family is a group of ___ or more people who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, or mutual commitment and who care for one another. | two |
| Which statement about teenage mothers is TRUE? | Teen childbearing costs taxpayers at least $11 billion each year for health care, child welfare, and lost revenue. |
| How many families are there with underage children? | 36 million |
| Education greatly affects whether we marry or stay married and marriage is less common among people without a college degree. | true |
| Jessie just recently got divorced and she is already having another serious intimate relationship with someone else. What would this be known as? | serial monogamy |
| What is a family? | A group of two or more people who are related by blood, Group of people who are related by marriage, a group of people who are related by adoption or a mutual commitment |
| Divorce is harder for women because | They make less money than men, Usually must raise the child |
| Sovereignty can be defined as the principle of _________________. | The state's legitimate monopoly over the use of force in a territory |
| According to ________, the struggles between and within groups have historically been spurred by the drive to protect or gain territory and wealth, and the need to preserve liberty and autonomy. | Social conflict theorists |
| Hitler was an example of what kind of authority? | charismatic |
| In any given election year roughly ________ of the population does not vote. | one half |
| Unfortunately, in June 2013 the Supreme Court repealed several important aspects of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, ruling that | southern states no longer need the stricter scrutiny that was once required to prohibit racial discrimination in voting practices in the South. |
| Karl Marx believed the state evolves out of _____________. | The needs of capital |
| From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government? | Lobbying for domestic corporate interests |
| Asymmetrical war is __________________. | A war using guerilla tactics against superior forces |
| The power in ________ is held by a small, elite group. | an oligarchy |
| Political demand and political supply refer to __________________ | Social factors that affect the distribution of political opinion and the ability of political actors to satisfy political opinion |
| According to ________, the government has four main purposes: planning and directing society, meeting social needs, maintaining law and order, and managing international relations. According to this theory, all aspects of society serve a purpose. | Structural functional theorists |
| For years, ________ who were brave enough to vote were discouraged by discriminatory legislation, passed in many southern states, which required poll taxes and literacy tests of prospective voters. | African Americans |
| ________ is an entity or individual's ability to control or direct others, while ________ is influence that is predicated on perceived legitimacy. | Power; authority |
| Sociology studies government and governmental relationships as ______________. | The strategies some use to direct the behavior and actions of others |
| Followers accept the power of ________ because they are drawn to the leader's personal qualities. The appeal can be extraordinary, and can inspire followers to make unusual sacrifices or to persevere in the midst of great hardship and persecution. | charismatic authority |
| Which statement best expresses the difference between Max Weber's definitions of power and authority? | Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power. |
| ________ refers to accepted influence, in other words, influence that people agree to follow. | Authority |
| Juan believes that battles such as the French Revolution are necessary for a country to preserve liberty, to maintain or gain land, and will ultimately lead to a more even distribution of wealth among a population. which perspective? | Conflict theory |
| ________ is a form of government that strives to provide all citizens with equality. establishment and governance of a just and comprehensive constitution that delineates the roles and responsibilities of leaders and citizens alike. | A democracy |
| Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader? | Rational-legal |
| What is the difference between an oligarchy and a monarchy? | Members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of a monarchy do. |
| The difference between direct democracy and representative democracy is the difference between _____________. | Rule by individuals and rule by MPs |
| Shortly before the Voting Rights Act was passed, the 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case Reynolds v. Sims changed the nature of elections. This landmark decision reaffirmed the notion of ________ a concept holding that all votes equal | one person, one vote |
| Which of the following statements represent a symbolic interactionist perspective on the state? | The state is made up of meaningful interactions of small groups of people. |
| Which statement best expresses the shift to postmaterialism? | People are more concerned today with the quality-of-life issues than with economic growth and security. |
| Some nations called ________ recognize kings, queens, princes, princesses, and other figures with official royal titles. The power held by these positions varies from one country to another. | a monarchy |
| Which of the following contributes lower percentage of voter turnout from those who come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds? | Lower-paying jobs frequently have less flexible hours, making time to vote difficult. |
| Political demand and political supply refer to __________________. | Social factors that affect the distribution of political opinion and the ability of political actors to satisfy political opinion |
| Endeavors to gain ________ and influence do not necessarily lead to violence, exploitation, or abuse. | power |
| Which of the following is not an act of terrorism? | The use of tear gas to suppress public looting |
| Which statement best expresses the difference between Max Weber's definitions of power and authority? | Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power. |
| Citizenship refers to __________________. | Holding an American passport, Formal membership in a political community, An internalized sense of individual dignity, rights, and freedom |
| A state of exception refers to __________________. | The suspension of laws to respond to crisis |
| Which concept corresponds best to the functionalist analysis of the state? | Goal attainment |
| The Greens, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common: | They are examples of competing interest groups whose demands are weighed by the state. |
| Which is not one of functionalism's four main purposes of government? | Equally distributing resources |
| Pierre Trudeau used his relative youth, flair, intelligence, and magnetism to call for Canada to become a "just society." He is an example of a(n) __________ leader. | Charismatic |
| _____ is the social institution through which society teaches members the skills, knowledge, norms and values they need. | Education |
| In ______________ , ODI was one of three organizations that received the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring. | 2011 |
| Formal education is often referred as | schooling |
| Jill and Mike like to play together but at their school's recess in 3rd grade their teacher has the boys play football and the girls play a pretend game like "family". According to symbolic interactionism, this is how schools reinforce what? | Gender roles |
| Being a child of an alumna or alumnus can __. | Increase acceptance rates |
| Which groups are least likely to attend college? | African American and Latino. |
| Which one of the following is a factor of why African Americans and Latino have lower educational Attainment? | poverty and discrimination |
| What is the name of the policy many schools have implemented to reduce violence and bullying? | zero tolerance policy |
| How does one get into a charter school? | By showing great merit and potential |
| When children and families live in poverty, it is most likely that the household is headed by a woman. | true |
| Which statement best describes households in which grandparents are taking care of their grandchildren? | Grandparents often have physical or mental health problems that could make caring for a child difficult. |
| About 30% of children in the US live with only one legal guardian. Which relative usually assumes this responsibility? | Almost always the mother |
| A ____ is a group of two or more people who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, or mutual commitment and who care for one another. | family |
| It is inappropriate to make sweeping generalizations about single-parent families because __________. | there are different kinds of single-parent families with different types of circumstances |
| Many divorces plunges many women into poverty or near poverty. | true |
| Which of the following describes the symbolic interactionism perspective on family? | The way that wives and husbands communicate and understand each other |
| Although research findings vary somewhat, most studies find that women spend _______ more time on various household tasks than men do. | 50-100 percent |
| Betsy and Karen are married and have two children together. Which of the following is most likely to be TRUE about their family? | Lesbian mothers have greater parenting skills and awareness of child development than do heterosexual couples. |
| In the united states today, what is the percentage of all adults 18 or older, that have never been married? | About 27 percent |
| The US death from air pollution range from the low ____'s to the high _____'s. | 10,000; 60,000 |
| _____ refers to the number of live births. | Fertility |
| The study of population is so significant that it occupies a special subfield within sociology called ____. | demography |
| Demography is the study of changes of the size and composition of populations | true |
| Conflict theory blames many environmental problems on pollution by multinational corporations due to the lack of enforcement of regulations. | true |
| Conflict theory does consider population growth to be a serious problem. | false |
| The earliest stage in the three-stage process of population transformation experienced by some nations is characterized by __________. | high birthrates and high death rates |
| The US population is expected to reach more than 9 billion by 2050. | false |
| The average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime is called the __________. | total birth/fertility rate |
| Population change often has weighty consequences throughout what? | society |
| Crime became a significant problem, as did riots and other mob violence beginning in the _______. | 1830s |
| During what period did, cities along the eastern seaboard were the centers of commerce and politics. Boston, New York, and Philadelphia were the three largest cities in population size. | american colonial period |
| Women in poor nations have very high fertility rate. | true |
| Crime is less common in urban areas than elsewhere. | false |
| Maggie lives in a city that has a population of 11 million, in which area does she most likely live in? | megacity |
| The reason the air is cleaner in rural areas is because | fewer factories, less traffic |
| Kathy is currently living in a rural area and is struggling to give her children a good education. All are possible reasons for the poor education EXCEPT Consere val, Loss population, difficult recruit high-quality teach, Distance from public schools | conservative values |
| Why are there more abused women in rural areas then in cities? | Battered women shelters are found in cities |
| ____ has been one of the most significant changes over the centuries and it is the shift from rural areas to large cities. | urbanization |
| An example of an urban problem would be: | traffic congestion |
| The federal government estimates about how many Americans are homeless? | 650,000 |
| What has been one of the most significant changes over the century? | urbanization |
| Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue. What was the name of the agreement that several countries signed as a way to pledge the lessening of carbon emissions? | the Kyoto Protocol |
| Homeless kids can still go to school if they aren't found out to be homeless. | true |
| What type of nations are the greatest sources of greenhouse gases? | core |
| Alysia, a 25 year old woman who suffers from mental illness and does not have a job, is most likely going to go through ________. | homelessness |
| Rural areas have a lower crime and violence rate than in large cities. | true |
| What is the interaction of political and economic institutions and processes? | political economy |
| What is the term used to describe the study of population? | Demography |
| Alice is a woman living in a poor nation. Which of these factors does not contribute to the high birth rates in her nation? Poverty, Low education, Rural settings, Lack of food | lack of food |
| What does crude birth rate mean? | The number of live births for every 1,000 people in a population in a given year. |
| Which of the following cities would have the greatest amount of gray-air smog? | beijing, china |
| The study of changes in the size and composition of population is called: | demography |
| The demographic transition first occurred in __________. | northwest europe |
| Demography relates to the study of population. | true |
| An important but unanswered question about the unaccompanied children fleeing Central America is, are these children illegal immigrants or are they __________? | refugee |
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