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Earth Science
Freshman Earth Science: Chapter 21 Study Guide 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Latitude | Influenced by the amount of solar activity |
| Elevation | Higher elevation equals cooler climates |
| Topography | Depending on what the land looks like " like mountains " depends on how much precipitation you get. |
| Water Bodies | Lots of precipitation is from large bodies of water |
| Global Wind | By distributing heat and moisture |
| Vegetation | Releases water vapor and absorbs and emits energy used to drive weather. |
| As latitude increases, the average intensity of solar energy ___________________. | Decreases |
| Temperate zones have ___________ summers and _____________ winters because the length of daylight in the summer and winter. | Hot and Cold |
| Why do polar zones have cold temperatures year-round? | Light and heat spread out over an even larger area because the energy strikes at an even smaller angle. |
| True or False: The polar zones are located between 66.5 degrees north and south latitudes and the poles. | True |
| What is the region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn? | Tropics |
| What effect does elevation have on precipitation? | Higher the elevation equals higher the precipitation. |
| Describe why a rain shadow occurs. | This occurs when mountains block rainfall from getting to the other side of the mountain range, casting a "shadow" of warm, dry, air. |
| True or False: The higher the elevation is, the colder the climate. | True |
| What is the angle at which the sun's rays strike the surface of Earth in the tropics? | Almost a right angle |
| In the temperate zones, the sun's rays strike the Earth at a __________ angle than near the equator. | Smaller |
| When the sun's rays strike Earth at an angle less than 90 degrees, the energy is spread out over a ___________ area. | Larger |
| ___________ distribute(s) heat and moisture around Earth. | Global Winds |
| Plants influence ___________ through transpiration, which releases water vapor from their leaves into the air. | Precipitation |
| The Koppen climate classification system uses ______________ and annual values of ______________ and precipitation to classify climates. | Mean Monthly and Temperature |
| What climate that is NOT one of the principal groups in the Koppen system? | Wet |
| What climate that is TRUE of the principal groups in the Koppen systems? | Humid Tropical; Dry; Humid-mid Latitude |
| Humid tropical climates are climates without | Winters |
| What are the characteristics of a wet tropical climate? | Climates have a lot of rainfall- think rainforest |
| True or False: Tropical wet and dry climates have temperatures and total precipitation similar to those in the wet tropics, but experience distinct periods of low precipitation. | True |
| Describe mild and severe winters in the humid mid-latitude climates. | Mild winters don't very often get temperatures below zero whereas severe winters experience below zero temperatures most days. |
| What are the three types of climates that are classified as humid mid-latitude with mild winters? | Humid subtropical; dry-summer subtropical; marine west coast |
| Describe a dry climate and list the two types. | Dry climate is one in which the yearly precipitation is not as great as the potential loss of water by evaporation and transpiration. Steppe and Desert |
| True or False: Polar climates are those in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is above 10 degrees Celsius. | False |
| What are the two types of polar climates? | Tundra and ice cap |
| 5 Climate changes that are Natural. | Tectonic Plates; Earth's Orbital Motions; Ocean Circulation; Solar Activity; and Volcanic Eruptions |
| How do aerosols from volcanic eruptions affect climate? | When there is an increase in aerosols solar radiation increase, temperature decreases and creates global cooling. |
| True or False: El Nino or a change in ocean circulation can result in short-term climate fluctuations. | True |
| The formation of sunspots appears to correspond with _____________________ periods in Europe and North America | Warmer |
| What is the motion of Earth that results in climatic changes? | Changes in the shape of Earth's Orbit |
| What is the term for the natural warming of both Earth's lower atmosphere and Earth's surface. | Greenhouse effect |
| The major gases involved in the greenhouse effect are __________________ and _________________. | Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide |
| Why are greenhouse gases important for life on Earth? | By absorbing the heat and energy on the Earth's surface it keeps the lower atmosphere warm and if it didn't then the lower atmosphere would be too cold to sustain life. |
| True or False: The burning of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests may have added to decrease of oxygen in the atmosphere. | True |
| What is global warming? | The gradual increase in global temperatures partly because of the increased levels of carbon dioxide. |
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Briddgetr