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Soc Exam Quiz ?'s
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following terms refers to the resources we use to get things we want and need? | capital |
| Social mobility is a characteristic found in which economic system? | class |
| Which of the following is a stratification system where a person is born into a specific stratified layer of society and remains there until death? | caste |
| Class systems sort people into | different positions in an economic hierarchy that allows for social mobility |
| Within Karl Marx's theories, the people who worked for a wage are known as | the proletariat |
| For Karl Marx, the characteristic that determined your class status in the capitalist system was your relationship to | the means of production |
| Class consciousness is an understanding | that members of the same social class share economic interests |
| Karl Marx predicted a crisis of capitalism would take place, because capitalism creates a growing class of workers who reap a shrinking share of the benefits and impoverishes the masses to the point that they can’t buy products. | winners take all, shrinking the the number of people who can be part of the bourgeoisie. |
| Alan works in a furniture factory where he spends most of his day on an assembly line fastening one of four legs to a tabletop. Now, reduced to an appendage of the machine and disconnected from the fruits of his labor, Alan experiences | alienation |
| An economic system based on shared ownership of the resources used to create wealth that is then distributed by governments for the enrichment of all is called | socialism |
| Which of the following is a patchwork of programs intended to ensure that the most economically vulnerable do not go without basic necessities like food, clothing, and shelter? | the social safety net |
| A capitalistic economic system with limited socialist policy aimed at distributing the profits of capitalism more evenly across the population is called | welfare capitalism |
| Which of the following is the term that refers to a society’s production of unjust outcomes for some racial or ethnic groups? | racism |
| Evelyn and her family live in the city of South Gate in Southern California. She and everyone in her household identify as Latino/a/x. The city of South Gate is 95 percent Latino/a/x. This is an example of | residential segregation |
| Unhoused Americans are more likely to be arrested for breaking laws against loitering and public urination. Poor Black American men are more likely to have insecure or no housing than other groups. This is an example of | institutionalized discrimination |
| Greg, a Black American, lives in a Chicago neighborhood that is more than 80 percent Black. Greg’s daily life involves little or no contact with people of other races. This is because Greg and the other two-thirds of Black Chicagoans are | hypersegregated |
| The closest emergency room to Tonopah, Nevada, is 104 miles away. Tonopah, Nevada, can be described as a | healthcare desert |
| Ruben and their family live in a neighborhood that is over 80 percent Latinx. This neighborhood is also home to factories that pumped toxins into the ground for decades. This is an example of how environmental racism is enabled by | residential segregation |
| Which Americans are MOST likely to experience hypersegregation? | Black Americans |
| Children living in expensive neighborhoods get expensive educations, and children living in poor neighborhoods get poor ones. This is because school funding in the United States comes from | local property taxes |
| A white boy threw a wadded ball of paper at his classmates. His teacher saw this happen and asked Smith to apologize. A black boy threw a wadded ball of paper at his classmates, the teacher referred to the principal’s office. | adultification |
| Darius, a Black American teenager profiled by sociologist Victor Rios, was caught in a physical fight with a fellow student and consequently was launched into the juvenile detention system, where he received probation. This is an example of | the school-to-prison pipeline |
| Racial disparities in academic achievement are the result of | unequal educational opportunities between and within schools |
| Which of the following best describes meritocracy within education? | Only some people have the power to decide what traits are meritorious, and some children have more opportunities than others to develop those traits |
| Achievement gaps are disparities | in the academic accomplishments of different kinds of students |
| Which country imprisons more of its population than any other country in the world? | the United States |
| Sonia grew up in a low-income community. The schools were also quick to punish and had close ties with local police. Moreover, her community was a food, transit, green, and health-care desert. This scenario is an example of | cross-institutional disadvantage |
| Which of the following terms refers to the production of unjust outcomes for people perceived to be female? | sexism |
| Crystal and Evan have been married for 3 years. They learned that they would not be able to have biological children. Crystal is devastated and feels her marriage will never be complete without children. Crystal's thoughts evidence a belief in | pro-natality |
| William and Yazmin are in a polyamorous relationship. Both are free to form relationships with others that are both sexual and romantic. Their family and friends are unsupportive of their relationship because their culture promotes | mononormativity |
| In America, men are generally taught to avoid being feminine while women are encouraged to be a little masculine. This tendency is referred to | androcentrism |
| Which of the following serves as the measure of all men, the yardstick against which they are encouraged to measure themselves, one exemplified by CEOs, quarterbacks, and action heroes? | hegemonic masculinity |
| Women can now embrace valued masculine qualities and spheres of life. Men who enter feminized occupations, adopt feminine leisure pursuits, or do half the housework face criticism. Many sociologists today describe the state of inequality as | stalled revolution |
| Michael and Eileen are married with 2 children. Eileen would tend the home while Michael would be employed. Michael and Eileen believe that the home is a feminine space best tended by women and work is a masculine space best suited to men. | ideology of separate spheres |
| Which of the following relationship models paved the way for same-sex marriages? It is based on love and companionship between equals. | partnership unions |
| Don and Betty are married and have two children. Don has a well-paying job at an advertising firm and Betty is a stay-at-home wife and mother. The marriage model he and Betty maintain has left him stressed and Betty bored. | breadwinner/homemaker marriage |
| Which statement best describes the ideology of intensive motherhood? | the dominant parenting ideal that contends mothers should prioritize placing most of their time and energy into raising their children |
| Upon the arrival of a child in an American family, which of the following tends to occur for heterosexual parents? | The woman’s income decreases while the man’s income increases |
| Among same-sex couples who practice a specialized division of labor, | more masculine partners often specialize in breadwinning and more feminine partners often specialize in housework and childcare |
| Greg Focker, a White man, is a nurse. After two years, he was promoted to director. Meanwhile, Tess—a Filipina woman has been working at the same hospital for five years and have not earned any promotions. Nurse Focker’s promotion is an example of | the glass escalator |
| Men and people who perform masculinity attract higher wages than women and people who perform femininity, resulting in | the feminization of poverty |
| Regardless of industry, unionization, physical difficulty, educational requirements, and demand for the work product, people working female-dominated jobs earn up to 21 percent less than people working male-dominated jobs. This is an example of | an androcentric pay scale |
| Economic capital refers to | financial resources that are or can be converted into money, including cash, investments, valuable goods, and valuable property |
| Which of the following was a system of stratification found in much of Europe during the Middle Ages that included peasants who worked land owned by the rich, powerful nobility? | feudal |
| Within Karl Marx's theories, wealthy families who generated their wealth through companies they owned were known as | the bourgeoisie |
| Under free market capitalism | the most successful capitalists built monopolies, treated workers inhumanely, and bribed politicians and law enforcement |
| Labor unions are associations that | organize workers to help them negotiate with their employers as a group instead of as individuals |
| Albert is a college graduate working as an administrative assistant. He is unsure whether he can make this month’s rent. He will not be going to the dentist for his toothache in an effort to minimize additional expenses. Albert is an example of a | precariat class member |
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