Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Immuno test 10-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A serological reaction is set up in which the antigen is bound to a large carrier, the antibody is soluble, and the antigen and carrier bind and form an insoluble complex that is detected macroscopically. What type of assay is described? | Agglutination |
| A serological test that uses red blood cells coated with exogenous antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides as a method to detect patient antibodies against those exogenous antigens is called: | Hemagglutination |
| The process by which particulate antigens such as cells aggregate to form larger complexes when specific antibody is present is; | Agglutination |
| In performing blood typing using the tube method, if the red cell button is not resuspended properly, what are the most likely results? | false positive |
| When a patient's red blood cells combine with anti-A typing serum to produce a positive result, this reaction is known as: | Hemagglutination |
| When carrier particles are coated with an antigen that is not normally found on them this is known as; | Passive Agglutination |
| Which antibody class may require the use of an enhancement technique to visualize the reaction? | IgG |
| Coombs reagent is used for: | to enhance agglutination with igG coated red cells |
| Which antibody has the highest avidity for an antigen | Secretory IgA |
| The law of mass action states: | free reactants are in equilibrium with bound reactants |
| Based on the following equilibrium constants which assay would have the best sensitivity? | The one with the highest k value |
| The assembly of particles into visible clumps is called; | Agglutination |
| The production of insoluble complexes that absorb or scatter light but are too small to see directly is called: | Precipitation |
| What should you do if a serum sample does not cause agglutination when mixed with a particular antigen? | test a more diluted sample to overcome possible prosome effects |
| The measurement of light scattered at an angle by the antigen-antibody complexes in a solution is: | Nephelometry |
| Rate nephelometry measures the change in what factor over time? | antigen-antibody complex formation |
| What is the process where an antibody is uniformly distributed in a gel and antigen is added to a well cut into the gel? | single diffusion |
| A radial immunodiffusion test is ran for 72 hours. The concentration of the antigen is then calculated using; | square of the diameter of the precipitation rings |
| The end-point radial immunodiffusion assay: | is read after Antigen-antibody equivalence is reached |
| In immunofixation electrophoresis, antibody is; | applied on the top surface of the gel |
| The antibody isotype that most effectively overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between particles in agglutination reaction: | IgM |
| Characteristics of a passive agglutination test: | Ag molecules are artificially bound to particles |
| What's true of a reverse agglutination test? | Antibody is attached to particles |
| What best characterizes agglutination inhibition reactions? | No, agglutination indicates a positive result |
| Describe hemagglutinin tests. | involves clumping of red cells |
| The particle-counting immunoassay method counts; | number of free latex particles |
| In an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion pattern shows an arc between antigens A and B with an extended line pointing to antigen B, this indicates that the antigens; | share a common epitope, with A being a more complex antigen |
| If crossed lines results in an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion reaction with antigens A and B, this indicates that antigens A and B: | are entirely different |
| The affinity of antigen-antibody binding is influenced by: | how well the antigen fits into the binding FAB site. |
| A patient's serum sample is added to a solution containing particulate antigen, but no agglutination is observed. What should be done? | perform serial dilutions of the sample |
| The visibility of an agglutination reaction involving IgG can be enhanced by adjusting: | adding anti-human FC |
| What is meant by "gating" in flow cytometry? | electronic window separating subpopulations of cells |
| a mature cytotoxic T cell expressed which markers? | CD8, CD3, CD2 |
| An intrinsic parameter that can be measured by a flow cytometer is | granularity |
| As measured in flow cytometry, cells that are the smallest and have the least granules would be identified as: | lymphocytes |
| In most flow cytometers, labeled cells: | scatter the light and emit fluorescence |
| the expression of cell surface markers is determined in the flow cytometer by; | fluorescence |
| If an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion pattern shows an arc equidistant between antigens A and B, this indicates that the antigens: | are serologically identical |
| In flow cytometry, if there are two detectors, what does the amount of side scatter indicate? | granularity of the cell |
| Identify the difference between batch and random-access analyzers | Batch analyzers only do 1 type of analysis |
| A test system is producing many false positive results. The problem might involve: | Analytic specificity |
| The lowest measurable amount of an analyte is: | Analytic sensitivity |
| The reference interval is determined by: | measuring an analyte in samples from a large number of healthy people using the same instrument or test system |
| In flow cytometry, the sheath fluid: | draws the suspended cells into a laminar flow |
| Describe the reportable range: | span of test result values over whcih the lab can establish or verify the accuracy of an instrument or test sytem. |
| ligh signal in flow cytometry that provides information about a cell's intrinisic physical characteristics; | scattered light |
| Light signal in flow cytometry that could be used to provide information about the expression of a protein on the outer surface of a cell membrane | red light emitted by phycoeryhrin |
| Fluorescently labeled antibodies are used in flow cytometry to: | determine proteins associated with a cell |
| advantages of automated testing in a clinical immunology laboratory: | reduces turn-around times (TATs) |
| Disadvantages of automated testing in a clinical immunology laboratory; | increases dependency on a single machine |
| Hydrodynamic focusing in flow cytometry refers to; | alignment of cells flowing past laser beams |
| A fluorescent signal in flow cytometry is generated by; | fluorochromes that absorb energy from a laser beam and than releases the energy as longer wavelength slides |
| In flow cytometry, it is possible to detect the expression of 10 different cell membrane proteins simultaneously by | staining the cells |
| fluorescence in flow cytometry is usually used to determine; | extrinsic cell parameters |
| In flow cytometry, forward scatter provides a measure of: | cell size |
| A single cell parameter acquired by flow cytometry is presented graphically as; | histogram |
| flow cytometry is commonly used to; | determine the stage of leukocyte differentiation |
| how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value is called | accuracy |
| the ability to consistently reproduce the same result on repeated testing of the same sample is; | precision |
| What does EIA stand or? | enzyme immunoassay |
| antihumanglobin test is also known as | Coombs |
| IgG is best tested at | 37 degrees Celsius |
Created by:
Vlandon98