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Radpositioning
Cluster 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which salivary glands are located along the lateral aspect of mandibular ramus? | Parotid |
| Which salivary duct opens into the oral vestibule opposite the second upper molar? | Parotid |
| For the AP projection that demonstrates the pharynx and larynx, to which level of the patient should the central ray be directed? | Laryngeal prominence |
| For preliminary AP and lateral projections that demonstrate the pharynx and larynx, when should the exposures be made to ensure filling the throat passages with air? | During inspiration |
| Which three projections usually compromise the acute abdomen series for ambulatory patients? | Supine KUB, AP upright abdomen, and PA Chest |
| For the AP upright abdomen image of an adult of average size, why should ? | To include the diaphragm |
| Which radiographic body position should be used to demonstrate best the duodenal loop and the duodenojejunal junction filled with contrast medium? | Recumbent right lateral position |
| Approximately how many inches above the lower rib margin should the IR be centered to the recumbent patient? | 3 to 4 |
| Which procedure should be performed to help demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation (hiatal hernia)? | Tilt the table to the Trendelenburg angulation |
| Which small bowel series method is most commonly used? | Oral |
| Select the four instructions from the following list that are usually given to patients preparing for the oral method of performing a small bowel series. | Eat a restricted diet (soft, low-residue foods) for 2 days before the examination |
| For the AP projection demonstrating the small intestine, which plane of the body should be centered to the grid? | Midsagittal |
| For delayed AP projections demonstrating the small intestine of a sthenic patient, to which level of the patient should the IR be centered? | Iliac crests |
| For the AP projection, when should the exposure be made? | At the end of expiration |
| When examining images of a small bowel series, which structure usually indicates adequate demonstration of the entire small intestine? | Cecum |
| To which level of the patient should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection in BE examination? | Anterior Superior iliac spines |
| How should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection? | Angled caudally |
| Which area of the large intestine is best demonstrated with the PA axial projection? | Rectosigmoid |
| Which two structures of the large intestine are demonstrated primarily with the PA oblique projection, LAO position? | Left colic flexure and descending colon |
| Which portions of the large intestine are of prime interest with the lateral projection? | Sigmoid and rectum |
| Which projection produces an image similar to the AP axial projection? | PA axial projection |
| In which direction and how many degrees should the central ray be directed in AP axial projection in BE? | Caudally 30 to 40 degrees |
| Which BE projection requires that the patient be placed in the right lateral recumbent position and that a horizontal central ray be directed to the midline of the patient at the level of the iliac crests? | AP, right lateral decubitus position |
| Which curvature is located on the right (medial) border of the stomach? | Lesser Curvature |
| The distal esophagus empties its contents into which of the following? | Cardiac antrum |
| Which structure is the distal part of the small intestine? | lleum |
| In which abdominal region does the large intestine originate? | Right iliac |
| Which structure is located between the ascending colon and transverse colon? | Right colic flexure |
| Where in the large intestine is the left colic flexure located? | Between the transverse colon and the descending colon |
| Where in the large intestine is the sigmoid located? | Between the descending colon and the rectum |
| For the UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection best stimulates gastric peristalsis to demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb better? | PA oblique projection, RAO position - L1-12 |
| For the double-contrast UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection produces the best image of a gas-filled fundus? | AP oblique projection, LPO position |
| To which level of the patient should the central ray be directed for the PA oblique projection RAO position, as part of the UGI examination? | L1-L2 |
| For a small bowel series of a patient with hypomotility of the small intestine, which procedure should be performed to accelerate peristalsis? | Instruct the patient to drink a glass of ice water |
| Which structure, when visualized on an image as part of a small bowel series, usually indicates the completion of the examination? | Cecum |
| Which instruction should be given to the patient if cramping is experienced during filling of the large intestine for a BE? | concentrate on deep oral breathing |
| Before the enema tip is inserted during a BE, why should a small amount of barium sulfate mixture be allowed to run into a waste basin? | To remove air from the tube |
| How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection during a BE? | 30-40 degrees caudal |
| Which two oblique projections can be performed to demonstrate best the let colic flexure during a BE? | PA oblique projection, LAO position; AP oblique projection, RPO position PAoLAO; APoRPO |
| For the right lateral decubitus position as part of a BE, which procedure should be done to ensure that the ascending colon is demonstrated in the image? | center the IR to the iliac crests |
| Which two terms refer to the excretory urogram examination? | Intravenous urography and retrograde urography |
| Why should the patient be instructed to empty his or her bladder just before IVU is to begin? | To prevent dilution of the opacified urine |
| Approximately how long after a bolus injection of the contrast medium should the exposure be made to demonstrate a nephrogram? | 30 seconds |
| How long after the completion of the contrast medium injection does the contrast agent usually begin to appear in the renal pelvis? | 2 to 8 minutes |
| How long after the injection of the contrast medium does the greatest concentration usually appear within the kidneys? | 15 to 20 minutes |
| Approximately how many degrees should the patient be rotated from the supine position to an oblique position to demonstrate renal and urinary structures? | 30 degrees |
| Where should the central ray enter the patient? | 2 inches (5 cm) lateral to the midline on the elevated side |
| Which retrograde urographic image sometimes requires that the head of the table be elevated 35 to 40 degrees? | Ureterogram |
| After necessary AP projections are made, which oblique positions are often used for oblique projections? | RPO and LPO |
| Which structures are sometimes better demonstrated with the head of the table lowered 15 to 20 degrees? | Lower(distal) ends of the ureters |
| To demonstrate the bladder during cystography, how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the AP axial projection? | 10 to 15 degrees caudal |
| How should the central ray be directed for the best demonstration of the prostate? | Cephalically |
| With reference to the pubic bones, where should the bladder neck be seen in the AP oblique projection image, RPO position? | To the right side |
| Which body position should be used for the lateral projection for cystography? | Lateral recumbent |
| After the contrast medium is introduced into the patient, in which two positions can the patient be placed to demonstrate urinary structures? | RPO and LPO |
| Which urinary excretory duct conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body? | Urethra |
| Which of the following is an excretory examination used to demonstrate the upper urinary tract? | Retrograde cystography |
| Which examination has the ability to produce a radiographic image demonstrating renal cortical tissue well saturated with contrast medium? | Intravenous urography |
| Which of the following is not a reason for obtaining a scout image with the patient recumbent for excretory urography? | To demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys |
| For excretory urography, what should an adult patient do just before getting on the examination table? | Empty the bladder |
| Which examination requires that the patient be placed on a special urographic-radiographic examination table? | Retrograde urography |
| What is the purpose of tilting the table 10 to 15 degrees toward the Trendelenburg position for retrograde urography? | To prevent contrast medium from escaping the kidneys |
| For the AP axial projection of the bladder, how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed? | 15 degrees caudal |
| For cystourethrography with an adult male patient, which of the following should be used to obtain an image while the patient is urinating? | Recumbent AP oblique projection |
| Which structures are parts of the female reproductive system? | Ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes |
| Which type of contrast medium is preferred for hysterosalpingography? | Water-soluble |
| When should a hysterosalpingography examination be performed? | 10 Days before the onset of menstruation (AFTER) |
| Which of the following conditions can be investigated by radiographic imaging of the male reproductive system? | Inflammation, Tumors, Sterility |
| Lateral projection when the patient's head is adjusted so that the midsagittal plane is rotated approximately 15 degrees toward the IR from the true lateral and the central ray is directed to a point 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the mandibular ramus? | Parotid |
| All of the following are the techniques used during radiologic examination of the pharyngolaryngeal structures except for: | Coughing |
| Which procedure should the patient perform for tomographic studies of pharyngolaryngeal structures? | Phonation of a high-pitched "a-a-a" |
| Which projection does not demonstrate free air levels within the abdomen? | AP projection with the patient supine |
| What is the major advantage of the PA projection of the abdomen over the PA projection of the abdomen? | The PA projection reduces the exposure dose to the gonads |
| Which side must be demonstrated on an AP abdomen with the patient positioned left lateral decubitus when fluid accumulation is being evaluated? | Left |
| Approximately how long after the patient swallows the barium sulfate mixture should the first image be made in small intestine examination? | 15 minutes |
| Which small bowel series method often requires the administration of glucagon or diazepam(Valium) to relax the intestine and reduce the patient discomfort during the initial filling of the small intestine? | Complete reflux |
| For the lateral projection, which plane of the body should be centered to the midline of the table? | Midcoronal |
| Which structure is the proximal part of the large intestine? | Cecum |
| Which structure is the pouchlike part of the large intestine situated below the junction of the ileum and the colon? | Cecum |
| Approximately how long does it usually take a barium meal to reach the rectum? | 24 hours |
| Which type of contrast medium is most commonly used for examining the Upper GI tract? | A barium sulfate suspension |
| To demonstrate swallowing functioning best, in which position should the patient be placed to begin the fluoroscopic phase of single-contrast examinations of the esophagus? | Upright |
| For the PA projection as part of the UGI examination, why should the lower lung fields be included on a 14 X 17 inch(35 X 43-cm) IR? | To demonstrate a possible hiatal hernia |
| For the AP projection with the patient supine (as part of the UGI examination), which procedure should be performed to demonstrate best a diaphragmatic herniation (hiatal hernia)? | Tilt the table and patient into a full Trendelenburg position |
| What is the proper sequence for filling the large intestine with barium when performing a BE? | Rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon |
| Which BE projection requires that a 10 X 12 inch (24 X 30 cm) IR be placed lengthwise and centered to the level of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)? | Lateral projection |
| Which BE projection does not require colic flexures to be included in the image? | Lateral projection |
| What adjustment in the position of the supine patient can be made to help demonstrate the distal ends of the ureters? | Position a compression band around the patient's abdomen |
| Which procedure should be performed if the bladder is not seen in the AP projection to demonstrate the entire urinary system? | Direct the central ray 10 to 15 degrees cephalically |
| What is the most likely purpose for obtaining an AP projection image with the patient standing? | To demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys |
| Which IR size should be used for urogram of the typical adult? | 10 X 12 inches (24 X 30 cm) |
| For the typical adult, which size IR should be used to demonstrate the bladder, and how should it be placed in the IR holder? | 10 X 12 inches (24 X 30 cm); lengthwise |
| In intravenous urography, what is the purpose of applying compression pads over the distal ends of both ureters? | To retard the flow of opacified urine from the bladder |
| What is the purpose of tilting the patient and table 15 to 20 degrees toward the trendelenburg position for the AP projection during excretory urography? | To demonstrate distal ureters |
| For intravenous urography of a child, what should the patient be given when the scout image shows an excessive amount of intestinal gas overlying the kidneys? | 12oz of a carbonated beverage |
| Which renal structures are not demonstrated during retrograde urographic examinations? | Nephrons |
| For retrograde cystography, which projection should be performed to demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder? | Recumbent lateral projection |
| Which examination introduces contrast medium through a uterine cannula? | Hysterosalpingography |
| Why should the first image of a cerebral arteriography series be made before the arrival of the contrast media? | To serve as a subtraction mask |
| What is the visualization sequence for the three phases of blood flow that should be seen in cerebral angiography? | Arterial, capillary, and venous |
| Bowel herniates through the defect near the navel? | Gastroschisis |
| What portions of the breast are mobile? | Inferior and lateral |
| Term referring to the area beneath the nipple? | Subareolar |
| Routine projections for mammographic examinations for both breasts? | Craniocaudal Mediolateral oblique |
| Most commonly fractured carpal bone? | Scaphoid |
| Another term for tendinitis of the elbow? | Tennis Elbow |
| Teardrop fracture is located in what part of the body? | Cervical Spine |
| K-edge of the lodine. | 33.2 |
| The dose of contrast media per kilogram of body weight is higher in children than adults for the following reasons? | Physiological immaturity of renal excretory Concentrating mechanism |
| Triangular areas during frontal projection of the neck when insufflated with air or contrast? | Piriform recesses |
| Examination to determine the exact site, size and extent of the tumor masses of the larynx and laryngopharynx is the | Positive-contrast laryngo pharyngography |
| In performing Valsalva's maneuver during radiologic examination of the laryngopharynx? | Take a deep breath and hold as it bears down, trying to move the bowel |
| Term instructing the patient to inhale with mouth closed and nostril plugged leading to a collapse of the airway? | Muller maneuver |
| Premedication is given 30 minutes before the examination for nasopharynx to suppress nasopharyngeal and buccal secretions? | Atropine |
| Atropine is what type of drug? | Anticholinergic |
| Urinary bladder is emptied before and during the small intestinal procedure | Avoid displacing or compressing the ileum |
| Term denoting the administration of either the barium sulfate mixture or the water-soluble? | Single contrast study |
| Best recommendation for mixing barium preparations in barium enema study? | Follow the manufacturer's instructions |
| Techniques are barium and air instilled through the closed enema bag system during large bowel series? | 7-pump method |
| Amount of the instilled air to obtain proper distention of the colon? | 1800 to 2000 cc |
| Method is used for double contrast enemas that can reveal even the smallest intraluminal lesion? | Welin |
| Term for the examination of the gallbladder and the biliary ducts? | Cholecystocholangiography |
| Term for the radiologic investigation of the gallbladder? | Cholecystography |
| Term describing the technique employed for preoperative radiologic exploration of the biliary tract? | Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography |
| In PTC, the patient is placed in what position? | Supine |
| Catheter used during laparoscopic biliary procedures? | Pigtail catheter |
| The right diaphragm is higher than the left diaphragm because the liver is pressing the right diaphragm in what direction? | Upward |
| Term for the abduction test of the vocal cords? | Quite inspiration |
| Term used to test the elasticity of the laryngeal pharynx and the piriform recess? | Modified Valsalva's maneuver |
| Radiographic examination of the lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx, which plane transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crest at the fourth lumbar spinous process? | Interiliac |
| The term used to test the adduct vocal cords that move inferiorly and balloons the ventricle for better delineation? | Inspiratory phonation |
| Selective catheterization of the suprarenal artery and vein via angiographic procedure may demonstrate | Suprarenal circulation |
| Term used to investigate the blood vessels of the kidney and the suprarenal glands? | Angiographic procedure |
| Patient position resolves the problem of obscuring gas in the stomach moving laterally away the pelvocalyceal structures? | Prone |
| Blush of the kidneys during intravenous pyelography? | Nephrogram phase |
| Application of contrast media during bronchography can be eliminated by? | cough up |
| Drug is given before bronchographic examination? | Atropine |
| The aspirated cerebrospinal fluid during myelographic procedure you will? | Sent to the laboratory for analysis |
| Term describes the specialized radiologic examination of the lungs and bronchial tree? | Bronchography |
| Position to expedite the radiographic exposures after the introduction of contrast media in dacryocystography? | Seated |
| Post injection interval in the follow up radiograph of the nasolacrimal examination? | 7 to 10 minutes |
| Resultant image if the patient is instructed during exhalation? | Depresses the sternum and the lower ribs |
| Examination of the digits, when joint injury is suspected, perform the? | AP projection |
| The digits cannot be extended and will examine in what kind of technique? | Small sections |
| Foramina of the cranium are subject for radiologic investigation because it transmits nerves/ blood vessels it will detect? | Erosive lesion of neurogenic or vascular origin |
| Obese and hypersthenic patient for radiographic examination of the skull in recumbent position, what is used to provide best patient comfort? | Elevate the patient's head on the radiolucent pad to obtain the correct part- image receptor relationship |
| Traumatic patient for radiographic examination of the skull, will you perform first? | Dorsal-decubitus lateral projection/Translateral |
| Presence of sphenoid sinus effusion in the lateral radiograph? | Basal skull fracture |
| PA Axial projection for the cranium applying the central ray angulation of 20 to 25 caudad shows? | Superior orbital fissure |
| PA projection of the skull with the central ray is perpendicular to exit in the nasion shows? | Frontal bone |
| Skull xray in PA with the central ray directed perpendicular shows? | The orbits are filled by the margins of the petrous pyramids |
| AP Axial projection using the central ray angulation of 40 degrees caudad through the foramen magnum with the patient in a supine / seated upright position instructed to strongly depress the chin(method)? | Altschul |
| AP Axial projection when the patient cannot flex the neck, IOML is perpendicular to the plane of the cassette, and the central ray produces the same image? | Increase the central ray angulation by 7 degrees |
| Projection obtaining the resultant image of sellar structures projected within the foramen magnum on hypersthenic or obese patients in prone or seated-upright position? | Haas |
| Body position to alleviate intracranial pressure resulting in dizziness and instability for a few minutes in submentovertical / Schuller? | Seated-upright |
| Waters Method, the required distance of the average nose to the grid device/table? | 3/4 inch |
| Lateral position for thoracic spine examination with the arms raised enough to elevate the ribs across the image of? | Intervertebral foramina |
| Rotating the head 45 to 50 degrees to one side with the mouth open wide/chin drawn down and the central ray directed vertically through the open mouth to the dependent mastoid tip showing atlanto-occipital articulations what method? | Buetti |
| Examination of the skull for hyposthenic or asthenic patients in recumbent position, what maneuver to alleviate strain and facilitate accurate positioning? | Elevate the patient's chest on the small pillow to raise the cervical vertebrae |
| The patient cannot be adjusted in an open mouth position with the dens of the axis is well demonstrated utilizing what position for atlanto-occipital articulations? | AP Oblique position |
| Open mouth for atlas and axis examination, perform the phonation "ahh" softly during exposure to? | Affix the tongue in the floor for the mouth |
| Confusing shadow of the pulmonary markings to the sternum particularly in elderly persons/heavy smokers can be eliminated by? | Shallow breathing technique |
| Examination of the sternum in RAO using the short exposure, the patient instruction needed to image with more uniform density? | To hold breath at the end of exhalation |
| Breathing instruction is needed to obtain the radiographic image of the sternum in lateral recumbent showing short scale contrast between the posterior surface? | Suspended at the end of deep inhalation |
| Pneumothorax delineation for the chest x-ray, the breathing techniques used during exposure? | made at the end of full inhalation made at the end of full exhalation |
| Breathing technique employed to prevent elongation of the heart demonstrating full inferior movement of the diaphragm in chest xray? | Exposure at the end of normal inhalation |
| Breathing instruction used to ensure that the trachea is filled with air in a lateral position of superior mediastinum? | Exposure is made during deep inhalation |
| Showing the greatest possible area of lung structures in chest radiograph employing general survey exposure? | At the end of full inhalation |
| Lateral position for chest radiography showing the interlobar fissures, lobes, and localized pulmonary lesions the central ray is? | Perpendicular to the cassette, entering 2 inches anterior to the midaxillary plane at the level of seventh thoracic vertebrae |
| The urinary bladder is to be included employing an antero-posterior upright position of the abdomen, center the cassette? | At the level of iliac crest |
| Method that will demonstrate the relationship of the femoral head and the acetabulum in cases of congenital dislocation of the hip in two exposures? | Martz and Taylor |
| Lauenstein and Hickey method will demonstrate the hip joint and relationship to the femoral head to the acetabulum. For the Lauenstein method, the CR is? | Perpendicular, midway between anterior superior iliac spine and the symphysis Pubis |
| The central ray angulation of the antero-posterior axial position Hohmann and Gastreiger method that will differentiate osteoarthritis from degenerative changes of the ligamentous tuberculum costae? | Caudad |
| Modified oblique projection of the costal joints in Hohmann and Gastreiger method with patient’s body is rotated 20 degrees from supine position will show: | Lower costotransverse joints |
| X-ray of infants with myelomeningocele use? | Prone |
| Term that allows imaging equipment to be transported and brought to the patient for examination? | Mobile radiography |
| In operating room radiography to avoid contamination, the radiographer will? | Avoid placing image receptor, lead aprons and shields on the floor |
| The universal precautions be applied in handling image receptors after operating room examination? | The radiographer will grasp the image receptor and open the protective cover away from self or others not to spread blood or any fluids |
| In mammography, the clock time that describes the specific location or area of concern of the breast, 2:00 in the right breast to what quadrant? | Upper inner quadrant |
| The augmented breast for examinations, the implant is pushed posteriorly against the chest wall and breast tissue surrounding the implants pulled anteriorly and compressed uses? | Eklund technique |
| Term demonstrating the passages of barium sulfate suspension into the airway up to the vocal cord? | Laryngeal penetration |
| Denoting the passage of contrast media beyond vocal cords referred as? | Aspiration |
| Fatal adverse effects in patients who took metformin before having radiologic procedures using CA? | Lactic acidosis |
| To maintain the suspension of the barium sulfate added with a dispersing agent? | Flocculation resistant |
| Gums of acacia are added to barium sulfate preparations for GIT examinations to avoid? | Precipitation |
| Use to demonstrate hiatal hernia and esophageal regurgitation in UGIS, you will perform? | The head end of the table is lowered by 15-20 degrees and the patient is slightly rotated toward the right |
| Radiologic approach increases the accuracy of diagnosis without significantly increasing the examination cost in single and double contrast study of GIT? | Biphasic GI series |
| In RAO position, applying greater intra abdominal pressure than body angulation and ensuring the consistent result of small sliding gastroesophageal herniations is demonstrated in? | Wolf |
| Average time to fill the colon when using oral contrast agents during BE? | 3 to 4 hours |
| In small intestinal series, will unfolding low-lying and superimposed loops of ileum be used? | Trendelenburg |
| The early diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, regional colitis and polyps in BE uses? | Welin method |
| In OCG for gallbladder, the absorption rate will vary? | 10-12 hours |
| RAO using greater intra abdominal pressure than body angulation and ensuring the consistent result of small sliding gastroesophageal herniations? | Wolf |
| To obtain images that will demonstrate the defecational dysfunction in spot filming? | Lateral, seated |
| Radiologic technique used to know the extent and severity of mucosal lesion in active ulcerative colitis? | The instant Enema |
| The essential part of the procedure in small bowel series employing enteroclysis? | Intubation |
| To bypass the transit delaying action of the pylorus and deliver CA directly to the SI in a flow rate is? | Intubation |
| Propels barium suspension through the small intestine produces lumen distention at water density preserving barium coating to the mucosal surface? | Methylcellulose |
| To accelerate the gastric emptying and passage of contrast material to the small bowel you will use? | Metoclopramide |
| Radiologic procedure performed to investigate renal masses and also differentiate cysts/ tumors in renal parenchyma in direct injection under fluoroscopy? | Percutaneous Renal Puncture |
| Projection will demonstrate the anterior, posterior bladder walls, and the bladder base? | Lateral |
| Procedure used to measure the pressure gradients across the kidneys and bladder? | whitaker test |
| Fistulas tend to follow a simple, direct course while posterior opening fistula follows devious, curved path with some even being horse-shaped before opening in posterior midline? | Goodsall's rule |
| In delayed cholangiography, to demonstrate the anatomic branching of the hepatic ducts? | Lateral |
| Radiologic study will demonstrate biliary and pancreatic pathology employing fiberoptic endoscope? | Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography |
| Used to minimize irritation of the stomach and small intestines in ERCP? | Withheld food for ten hours |
| To prevent overlapping of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct? | spot oblique |
| Completion studies of knee arthrography employing vertical x-ray after removing the frame? | Lateral, intercondylar fossa |
| Shoulder arthrography examination, the CM is injected at? | ½ inch approximate superior and lateral to coracoid process |
| Projections to demonstrate parts of concern in wrist arthrography? | Lateral, PA, and obliques |
| Method which shows arthritic changes and Bennett fracture | Robert Method / AP Projection |
| Method which open the joint space / 10° proximally | Lewis |
| Shows a concavoconvex outline of the 1st cmc joint | Burman Method |
| Shows Metacarpo Phalangeal joints / 1st cmc | Folio Method |
| Shows severe metacarpal deformities or fracture | Reverse Oblique Projection |
| Shows metacarpal head fracture | Tangential Oblique Projection |
| Shows fractures of the 5th metacarpal | True Lateral position |
| Earliest roentgenological changes on polyarthritis of the rheumatoid type | AP Medial Rotation |
| Shows fracture of the base of the little finger | Stapezynski / Ball Catcher |
| Shows the scaphoid and capitate | PA |
| Demonstrates Carpal Interspaces | AP |
| Shows scaphoid in palmar flexion | LATERAL |
| Shows carpal boss in palmar flexion | LATERAL |
| Shows the carpals on the lateral side | PA oblique lateral rotation |
| Separates the pisiform from adjacent carpals | AP Oblique medial rotation |
| Shows the scaphoid fractures by Rafert and Long | PA axial projection |
| Shows carpal bridge with 45 degrees caudally | Tangential Projection |
| Shows coronoid process | AP oblique lateral rotation |
| Shows radial head, neck, tuberosity and capitulum | AP oblique lateral rotation |
| Shows the curved extremity and articular margin of the olecranon process with arm angle 45 to 50 degrees from vertical | PA axial projection |
| Shows the proximal humerus when the arm cannot be rotated or abducted | Transthoracic |
| Shows metatarsal head and the sesamoids bones | Tangential projection |
| Projection which demonstrates tarso-metatarsal joints spaces of midfoot with 10 degrees posteriorly | AP Axial |
| Projection where in ankle in right angle or dorsiflexion with 40 degrees to the base of the 3rd metatarsal | Axial / Plantodorsal |
| Demonstrates Tuberosity, Tibiotalar joint and Sinus tarsi | Lateral |
| AP oblique medial rotation shows the tibiofibular joint with 45 degrees | Dorsiflex the foot |
| Shows the proximal and distal tibiofibular articulations | AP oblique medial rotation |
| Studies on epiphyseal growth and ossification in the knee | Lateral |
| Shows varus and valgus deformities and narrowing of the joint spaces of arthritic | AP weight bearing |
| Shows subluxation of the patella and patellar fractures with 50-60 degrees flexion | Hughston Method |
| Stated that relaxation of the quadriceps muscle is required to show patellar sublux and analysis patellofemoral congruence with 45 degrees flexion | Merchant |
| Asses lower extremity alignment or discrepancies in leg length | AP Weight bearing |
| AP open mouth is more accurate study of injuries to the atlas and axis | Albers-Schonberg |
| Shows the atlanto occipital articulations | Lateral |
| Shows intervertebral disk spaces | AP axial |
| Functional studies of cervical vertebrae to show fractures of the articular process and obscure dislocations | Boylston/AP Oblique |
| Method which shows cervicothoracic region with 3-5 degrees caudally | Pawlow |
| Shows better of the intervertebral disk spaces and upper thoracic spine with 5-10 degrees cephalad rotation | Monda/ Twinning |
| Projection where the heel effect is applied | AP |
| Projection which gives a profile image of the IVF | Lateral |
| Demonstrate the costal joints in cases of rheumatoid spondylitis with 20 degrees cephalad | AP Axial |
| Helpful in differentiating osteoarthritis from degenerative changes of the ligamentum tuberculi costae | AP supine of Costal Joints |
| Best demonstrates the lower costotransverse joints | Oblique |
| The method is used to demonstrate the odontoid process lying within the shadow of the foramen magnum with the central ray directed to the midpoint of the film? | Fuchs |
| The method should never be done in patients who have unhealed fractures to demonstrate the atlas? | Judd |
| When the patient cannot open his/her mouth, what radiographic position is used in conjunction with anteroposterior and lateral projections to demonstrate the odontoid process? | Anteroposterior axial oblique |
| Maneuver will be done to prevent superimposition of the laminae of the atlas in the lateral position? | Rotating the head slightly |
| The following radiologic procedures will not show the biliary duct structures | Plain abdominal x-ray |
| The centering point in an anterior-posterior oblique position in a chest examination for the lungs is perpendicular at? | Level of fourth thoracic vertebra |
| The reason for rotating the feet internally about 15 degrees in the nomination of the pelvis and upper femora in AP projection? | To overcome the anteversion of the femoral necks |
| When The CR angled 45 degrees cephalad in congenital dislocation of the hip joint, employing Martz and Taylor method will show? | Anterior displaced femoral head above the acetabulum |
| What degree of body rotation is needed in the mediolateral oblique projection in mammography examination? | 30-60 |
| What method produces the same image as the Isherwood method in an oblique lateral position showing the anterior talar articular surface? | Fiest-Mankin |
| AP stress studies of the ankle will demonstrate the widening of the joint space on the side of the injury, indicating the presence of? | Ligamentous tear |
| What condition is seen in an anteroposterior projection of the knee in standing position demonstrating the shaft in the distal part laterally? | Valgus deformity |
| What method is used in knee joint examination to assess split and displaced cartilage in osteochondritis dissecans? | Camp Coventry |
| What projection shows the symmetrical petrous edges in the lower third of the orbits? | Anteroposterior |
| What resultant image is seen in a posteroanterior axial projection of the cranium using Haas method? | Equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral margin of foramen magnum on both sides |
| What projection is used to demonstrate the facial structures when the patient cannot be positioned in prone? | Acanthioparietal |
| What is the CR direction in a PA oblique position that demonstrates the intervertebral foramina and pedicles closest to the film? | 15 to 20 degrees caudally |
| What degree of head rotation in the Pillar view needed to demonstrate the facets of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae in an AP axial oblique position? | 60 to 70 |
| What structures are demonstrated in AP axial position of the anterior pelvic bones employing Taylor method? | Well magnified pubic and ischial bones and superimposed over the sacrum and coccyx |
| What is the resultant image of the abdomen employing the anteroposterior projection with no evidence of patient rotation? | Symmetric alae of the ilium |
| What structure is seen when the RT adjusts the OML approximately 55 degrees angle using the modified Waters method? | Facial bones with less angulation |
| What topographical landmark parallel to the plane of cassette when the patient's neck is fully extended in the Schuller's SMV? | IOML |
| What bone is usually associated with teardrop fracture? | Cervical spine |
| The following injuries do not cause explosive trauma? | Aggravated assault |
| Which sesamoid bone is present in the posterior part of the condyles seen in the lateral projection of the knee? | Fabella |
| What is the primary consideration to achieve significant success in a radiographic examination? | Patient's comfort |
| What radiographic positions are used to demonstrate the biliary stones by stratification? | RLD and AP upright |
| What is the CR direction in a PA axial projection of the bladder used to show the prostate gland? | 20 to 25 degrees cephalad to project above the pubic bones |
| What projection is employed to allow rapid filling of posteriorly placed upper calyces for urinary system examination? | AP, recumbent |
| Where is the exit point of the CR perpendicular to the midpoint of film entering the distal coccyx, in a posteroanterior projection of the pubic and ischial bones? | Symphysis pubis |
| What technique must be used to improve the image of the foot due to uneven thickness of the toes and tarsal areas? | Compensating filter |
| What CR direction will be used in examination of the pelvis in AP projection for trauma patients? | Perpendicular to the midpoint of the grid entering 2 inches above the pubic symphysis and 2 inches below the anterior superior iliac spine |
Created by:
mariestrumpell