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Classification
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy | branch of biology that is used to group things by their characteristics; scientific study of the levels of classification |
| Binomial nomenclature | a TWO-name naming system that uses the genus and species names to identify an organism. |
| Dichotomous Key | Scientific tool made of paired statements that the user must choose to come to the direct name of an organism |
| Classification of Organisms | (Dear King Phillip Came Over For Grandma’s Spaghetti) An organism's scientific name is its Genus and species. Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case. |
| To be of the same species, organisms must be able to | reproduce |
| 3 Domains | Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya |
| Cell Type | Prokaryotic, Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic |
| 6 Kingdoms | Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae, Animalia |
| Which domain/kingdom has organisms that live in extreme cold, heat, salt, etc. and were believed to be the first organisms on Earth? | Domain-Archaea; Kingdom-Archaebacteria |
| Which domain/kingdom has organisms that are the true, everyday bacteria that we encounter everyday? They can be helpful and harmful. | Domain-Bacteria; Kingdom-Eubacteria |
| Bacteria can be autotrophic and heterotrophic. Which domain/kingdom is made of organisms that all have a nucleus in their cells? They can be heterotrophs or autotrophs? | Domain-Eukarya; Kingdoms-Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia |
| Protists | Eukaryotes Cannot be classified as plants, animals or fungus Can be plant-like Examples include diatoms and euglena Can be animal-like Examples include amoeba and paramecium Can be fungus-like Examples include slime mold and water fungus |
| Fungi | Eukaryotes Cell wall called chitin. Fungi are heterotrophs, unlike plants who are autotrophs. Plants are producers who can make their own food. Decomposer- An organism who decomposes/breaks down organic material, putting nutrients back into the soil. |
| Producer- | an autotroph, meaning they produce their own food. Plants are an example. |
| Autotroph- | An organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis (ex.-plants) |
| Angiosperms | -plants that produce flowers (tulip, daisy, dogwood tree |
| Gymnosperms | - plants that produce cones (fir, pine) |
| Conifer | - A vascular plant that produces cones. It is the largest and most diverse group of gymnosperms.(pine trees) |
| Vascular plants | have a system of tubes that run from the roots throughout the plant delivering water and nutrients. (example: fern) |
| Nonvascular plants | do NOT have this systems of tubes (example: moss) and grow short to the ground |
| How are animals classified into the different phyla? | Autotroph vs. heterotroph, unicellular vs. multicellular, and prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic (nucleus vs. no nucleus) |
| Heterotroph- | An organism that obtains its food from a different source; cannot produce its own food. Humans and other animals are heterotrophs. |
| Asymmetry | -this body type cannot be divided through any line and have an exact image of another portion of an animal. |
| Radial- | Many lines of symmetry. (Think a pizza) Animals with this type of symmetry do not have a left and a right side but a top and bottom surface only. All animals with radial symmetry live in the water. |
| Bilateral symmetry- | One line of symmetry that divides the animal into a left and right side. Sides are mirror images of one another. This generally applies to external symmetry only. |
| Sponges | -Phylum with organisms that live in the ocean and each tissue digests its own food and need constantly moving water |
| Cnidarians | - Phylum that has organisms with stinging cells on their tentacles, invertebrates, radial symmetry, no segments All insects have ___6__legs and __3__ body segments. |
| Echinoderm | -Phylum that has spiny skin, tubular feet, most are radial, live in the ocean |
| Annelids- | Phylum that has organisms whose bodies are divided into segments, has a tube-like body and includes earthworms, invertebrates bilateral symmetry |
| Chordata- | Phylum that has animals with backbones (vertebrates), segmented body, bilateral symmetry, have a dorsal fin and gill slits at some point in life, endoskeleton, organ systems |
| Mollusks- | Phylum that has organisms that are soft-bodied invertebrate animals-usually has shells |
| Arthropods | -Phylum that has an exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, 3 segments |
| Animal Phylum | Sponges Cnidarians Annelids Mollusks Arthropods All insects have ___6__legs and __3__ body segments. Echinoderm Chordata |
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bethany_poston