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Cold War
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APUSH unit 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cold War | the power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II |
| Harry Truman | 33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war. |
| Iron Curtain | Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West. |
| Truman Doctrine | 1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey |
| Containment Policy | Established by the Truman administration in 1947 to contain Soviet influence to what it was at the end of World War II rather than trying to stop communism as a whole |
| Marshall Plan | A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe. |
| National Security Act | Passed in 1947 in response to perceived threats from the Soviet Union after WWII. It established the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council. |
| Fair Deal | An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman that called for higher minimum wage, housing and full employment. It led only to the Housing Act of 1949 and the Social Security Act of 1950 due to opposition in congress. |
| Taft-Hartley Act | Regulated Unions, outlawed all union shops, made unions liable for damages, forced union leaders to take a non communist oath. |
| 22nd Amendment | Limits president to only 2 terms |
| Mao Zedong | (1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976. |
| 38th Parallel | Line that divided Korea - Soviet Union occupied the north and United States occupied the south during the Cold War. |
| Syngman Rhee | became president of South Korea after World War II and led Korea during the Korean War; noncommunist dictatorial leader of South Korea who was backed by the United States |
| Smith Act of 1940 | illegal to belong to an organization with the purpose of overthrowing the government by force |
| HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) | congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the United States - led to hollywood blacklists of celebrities who were investigated |
| Alger Hiss | Former high ranking State Department official who passed classified information to Soviet Union in 1937 - accused of being a communist spy and convicted of perjury |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe. - Elected to be president in 1952 and 1956 against Adlai Stevenson |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | Policy of the US that it would defend the Middle East against attack by any Communist country - similar to Truman Doctrine but more specific |
| Dynamic Conservatism | Eisenhower's philosophy of being liberal in all things human and being conservative with all things fiscal. Appealed to both Republicans and Democrats - policy of balancing economic conservatism with some activism |
| Nikita Khrushchev | A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. - replaced stalin as soviet leader after his death |
| John Foster Dulles | Sec. of State who was a harsh anti-Communist and believed that Truman's containment policy was too cautious. Called for a policy to be more aggressive. |
| Suez Crisis of 1956 | the Egyptian Government seized control of the Suez Canal from the British and French owned company that managed it, had important consequences for U.S. relations with both Middle Eastern countries and European allies. |
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