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Chemistry Unit 8

Unit 8: Bonding

TermDefinition
Resonance Shows an intermediate between a single and double bond (multiple ways to write the Lewis Structure)
Electronegativity (EN) Measures ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself when bonded to another atom (period - increases, group - decreases)
Ionic Bond Forms when two atoms combine through electron transfer (EN difference is greater than 1.67)
Covalent Bond Forms when two atoms combine by sharing electrons (EN difference is less than 1.67)
Ionic Substances Consist of metal and nonmetal ions bonded in a crystal lattice, high melting points, conduct electricity only when dissolved in water or in the molten (liquid) state, usually solids at room temp.
Covalent Molecular Substances Consist of nonmetals bonded to other nonmetals or metalloids, low melting points, don't conduct electricity, usually brittle solids or gases at room temp.
Network Covalent Substances Consist of nonmetals bonded to other non metals or metalloids, very high melting points, usually don't conduct electricity
Expanded Octet A situation where the central atom is surrounded by more than 4 pairs of valence electrons
Molecular Geometry How a molecule is oriented three-dimensionally
VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsive Theory) Valence electrons are repelled from one another and thus orient themselves as far apart as possible
Symbolism A = central atom, X = bonded atoms, E = unbonded electron pairs on central atom
Polar Bond A bond that contains a positive and negative pole and is, therefore, a "dipole". A polar bond will result anytime two different elements are bonded.
Nonpolar Bond Bond that contains no positive or negative poles. Molecules can have polar bonds, yet can still be nonpolar overall
Cardinal Rule of Dissolving "like dissolves like" - Polar solutes generally dissolve in polar solvents. Nonpolar solutes generally dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
Created by: sara!
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