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Organic Chemistry

Naming functional groups

TermDefinition
Aliphatic Compounds is an organic compound that consists of open chains of carbon atoms and closed chain compounds (rings) that resemble them in chemical properties.
Aromatic compounds are compounds that contain a benzene ring structure in their molecules
Functional groups is an atom or group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristics properties of an organic compound or series of organic compounds.
Alcohols Functional group: -OH
Primary alcohol is one where the carbon atom joined to the –OH group is attached to only one other carbon atom
Aldehydes Functional group: Carbonyl group (-CHO)
Properties of Aldehydes -higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes. -lower boiling point than corresponding alcohols. -soluble in water
Ketones Functional group: Carbonyl group (>C=O)
Uses of Propanone -is better known as acetone (nail varnish remover). -is used as an organic solvent.
Properties of Ketones -higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes. -lower boiling point than corresponding alcohols. -soluble in water
Carboxylic acid Functional group: Carbonyl group (-COOH)
Uses of Carboxylic Acids Methanoic acid is found in ant stings. Ethanoic acid (vinegar), it can also be used to make varnishes. Propanoic acid prevents mould growth and is used as a food preservative. Benzoic acid is used as food preservative and as medical antiseptic.
Properties of Carboxylic Acids - higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes, aldehydes and alcohol. -soluble in water
Esters Functional group: (-COO-)
Uses of Esters are used in fruit flavorings, perfumes and cosmetics.
Properties of Esters - low boiling point as they are not able to form hydrogen bonds -can form hydrogen bonds with water, so they are water soluble.
Ester Formation created with a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
Properties of Alcohols -higher boiling points than their corresponding alkanes. -soluble in water
Created by: SofiaCapistran
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