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Waves & Sound
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Vibration | repeated back-and-forth or up-and-down motion (disturbance) |
| Particle | small portion of matter |
| Mechanical Energy | kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object |
| Mechanical Wave | requires a medium through which to travel (ex: water, sound) |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Propagate | to spread out or multiply |
| Medium | material through which a wave travels |
| Transverse Wave | disturbs a medium perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels (ex: water, light) |
| Longitudinal Wave | disturbs a medium parallel to the direction in which the wave travels (ex: sound) |
| Wave Pulse | single disturbance that travels through a medium |
| Equilibrium | state of balance where there is no disturbance or wave |
| Amplitude | displacement of a wave's peak/crest or trough from equilibrium |
| Volume | produced by the amplitude (intensity) of a sound wave; in units of decibels (dB) |
| Frequency | number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (a.k.a. pitch with sound) in units of Hz |
| Wave | disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another |
| Wavelength | horizontal distance between two adjacent wave crests/peaks or compressions; in units of meters (m) |
| Wave Period | time required for one complete wave cycle; in units of seconds (s) |
| Wave Cycle | one complete motion of the repeating pattern of a wave (a.k.a. an oscillation) |
| Wave Speed | frequency x wavelength ( v = f λ ); in units of m/s |
| Tension | pressure of a material, such as in a string, rope, or spring |
| Density | compactness of a substance |
| Temperature | average energy of motion of the particles of a substance |
| Sound | disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave via compressions and rarefactions (expansions) |
| Standing Wave | appears to be stationary due to the effects of constructive and destructive interference |
| Doppler Effect | change in wave frequency and wavelength as the source and/or observer move toward or away from each other |
| Magnitude | size or amount (number) |