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AP CSP Vocab
Some flashcards to help study for the AP CSP exam
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| In a network, the end nodes (server and client) provide the functionalities. The routers, etc. (intermediaries) only move the bits. | End-to-End Architecture |
| A thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment | Devices |
| Set of rules governing format of data sent over the Internet. | Internet Protocol (IP) |
| The protocol for translating between domain names and IP addresses (converts web addresses into IP addresses) | Domain Name System (DNS) |
| A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network. Hierarchial | IP address(es) |
| New IP address system, will provide 2^128 (about an undecillion) addresses. 128 bits for each address | IPv6 |
| Old IP address system, 2^32 addresses (about 4 billion) | IPv4 |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A conventional set of communication rules for controlling how Web browsers and servers pass information back and forth over the Internet. | HTTP/HTTPS |
| Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, protocol for email transmission | SMTP |
| Internet Engineering Task Force, group of volunteers, defines standard Internet operating protocols such as TCP/IP. | IETF |
| Arranged in an order. Examples: IPv4-Domain, sub-domain, host; DNS-root domain, domain, subdomain; the Internet is hierarcial | Hierarchy |
| Duplication of critical components in case some part goes down. Example: the Internet has many paths between networks | Redundancy |
| Routers send packets (~1500 bytes) as they see fit. | Routing |
| A well known set of rules or procedures | Protocols (include TCP/IP) |
| shared boundary over which information is shared | Interfaces |
| standards made available to the general public, non-proprietary protocols or specifications | Open Standards |
| group data into packets for transmission | Packet Switching |
| Basic communication protocol of the Internet | TCP/IP |
| Cryptographic protocols for communications security | SSL/TLS |
| The amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time | Bandwidth |
| How much time it takes for a packet to get from one point to another point | Latency |
| used to determine security strength of your data in the cloud for example | Trust model |
| protecting networks, computers, etc. from attack | Cybersecurity |
| the use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of information systems for strategic or military purposes. | Cyber warfare |
| criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the Internet. | cybercrime |
| Distributed Denial of Service, multiple systems flood the bandwidth causing it to run extremely slow or completely shut down | DDoS |
| software that blocks unauthorized access | Firewall |
| a method of storing and transmitting data in a particular form so that only those for whom it is intended can read and process it. Examples: Caesar's, Vigenere's, One Time pads | Cryptography |
| private key, uses a singular encryption key (Caesar's, Vigenere's, One Time pads) | Symmetric Encryption |
| Modern public key encryption, makes online secure transactions possible | Asymmetric Encryption |
| Who you purchase digital certificates from | Certificate Authorities |
| Verifies that a user sending a message is who he or she claims to be | Digital Certificates |
| Technology the adds to previously existing technology in order to improve it | Computing Innovations |
| messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network. | |
| use of remote servers to store, manage, and process data | Cloud computing |
| spreading information | Dissemination |
| Data available to anyone | Public data |
| Global positioning system, a radio navigation system that allows land, sea, and airborne users to determine their exact location, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world | GPS |
| networks of sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions | Sensor Networks |
| performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded applications | "smart" |
| Assistive, adaptive, rehabilitative devices for people with disabilites | Assistive technology |
| Internet is a collection of networks, WWW is a collection of HTML documents | Internet vs WWW |
| commercial transactions conducted electronically on the Internet | e-commerce |
| involving the public in scientific research | Citizen science |
| A distributed approach to computing systems | Distributed Solutions |
| a computer science technique in which a machine performs its function by outsourcing certain steps to humans, usually as microwork | Human-Based Computation |
| Transmission of data without needing a physical link | Mobile computing |
| obtaining information by enlisting the service of a large group of people | Crowdsourcing |
| computers with the ability to learn | Machine learning |
| examining large databases in order to generate new information | Data mining |
| advanced computing capabilities to solve complex problems | Scientific computing |
| availability to all | Open access; creative commons |
| processing power seems to double every two years | Moore's law |
| credentials are checked | authenticated |
| copy (data) from one computer system to another, typically over the Internet | download |
| a method of transmitting or receiving data (especially video and audio material) over a computer network as a steady, continuous flow, allowing playback to proceed while subsequent data is being received | streaming |
| a network of computers configured to allow file sharing | peer-to-peer networks |
| the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative | Internet censorship |
| copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute software | open source software |
| any process in which information is gathered and expressed in a summary form, for purposes such as statistical analysis. A common aggregation purpose is to get more information about particular groups based on specific variables. | Data aggregation |
| software that acts as an intermediary between a computer and another server | Proxy servers |
| Advertisement based on data from other websites and such. | Target advertising |
| the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same | copyright |
| a 1998 US law intended to update copyright law for electronic commerce and electronic content providers. It criminalizes the circumvention of electronic and digital copyright protection systems | Digital Millennium Copyright Act |
| the gulf between those who have ready access to Internet and those who don't | Digital divide |
| social and economic factors that affect a person's abilities to "get ahead" | socioeconomic |
| the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise | infrastructure |
| The process of developing creative abilities through exploration, decision making, and expression | creative development |
| anything created by a human using a computer. An artifact can be, but is not limited to, a program, image, audio, video, presentation, or web page file | computational artifact |
| A program used for software development or system maintenance. Virtually any program or utility that helps programmers or users develop applications or maintain their computers can be called a tool | Computing tools/techniques |
| suppressing the more complex details below the current level | abstraction |
| data stored fundamentally as bits | digital data |
| basic unit of information, 1 & 0, on & off | bit |
| binary, decimal, hexadecimal, etc. | number bases |
| 0s and 1s, example: 1101=13 | binary sequences |
| a formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer; high and low levels | programming languages |
| representation of decimals | real numbers (floating-point) |
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Ziploc