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GEOLOGY LESSON 1.4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Interact with and affect the earths crust, creating the landforms, natural features, found on the surface of the earth | Natural Forces |
| The rigid, rocky outer surface of the earth | Crust |
| Continental crust is mostly ____. | Granite |
| While oceanic crust is mostly _____. | Basalt |
| Basalat is much ____ than granite. | Denser |
| The crust is only about _____ miles/___km thick under the oceans and about ____ miles/____ km thich under the continents | 3-5 miles or 8 km,......25 miles or 32 km |
| The crust of the earth is broken into mny pieces called ____? | |
| The plates float on the soft, semi rigid _____ | Asthenosphere |
| The crust and the upper mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called ____ | Lithosphere |
| Is the largest layer of the Earth | Mantle |
| The ____ mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like _____ under heavy weight. | Middle,.....Asphalt |
| Are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking--repeating this cycle over and over | Convection currents |
| Is like a ball of very hot metals | Core |
| Is so hot that metals in it are all in the liquid state | Outer core |
| The outer is composed of the melted metals of _____ and____ | Nickel and Iron |
| ______has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate like a ____ | Inner core,......solid |
| More than ____ percent of tye earths surface is covered by water, mainly the salt water of oceans and seas | 70% |
| Earth's Oceans | North Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean |
| Who proposed the continental drift theory | Alfred Wegener |
| Super continent called? | PANGAEA |
| Continentals stages drifting | Permian, Terassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Present Day |
| What are the Evidences of continental drift? | Continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, Fossils match across oceans, Rock types and mountain ranges match across oceans, Climate Evidence |
| Continents look loke they could be part of a giant jigsaw puzzle | Puzzle pieces |
| Plant and animal fossils found on coastlines of different continents | Distribution of Fossils |
| Seed much to large to be blown | Glossopteris |
| Lived in fresh water and could not have lived in salt water | Mesosaurus |
| Same rock patterns found in South America, India, Africa, Atnartica, and Australia | Sequence of rocks |
| What are the evidences in the climate? | Warm weather plants and glacier deposits |
| Scratches glaciers leave on rocks as they travel | Glaciers Striations |
| Moves like a conveyor belt carrying continents with it | Ocean fooor |
| What are the evidence of sea-floor spreading | Evidence from molten material, Evidence from magnetic Stripes, Evidence from Drilping Sample |
| Rock shaped like pillows show that the molten material has erupted again and again from cracks along the mid-ocean ridge qnd cooled quickly | Evidence from Molten Material |
| The ______ system is the most extensive chain of mountains on earth, but more tham ____ % of this mountaian range lies in the deep ocean. | Mid-Ocean Ridge,..... 90% |
| The mid ocean ridge wraps around the globe for more than _____ km like the seam of baseball | 65,000 km |
| Mid ocean rideges occur along the kind of plate boundary where new ocean floor is created as the plates spread apart | Divergent Plate Boundary |
| The plates spreada apart at rate of ___ to ____ cm per year | 1cm to 20 cm |
| Rocks that make up the ocean floor lie in a pattern of magnetized stripes which hold a record of the reversals in earths magnetic field | Evidence from Magnetic Stripes |
| Core samples from the ocean floor show that older rocks are found farther from the ridge, youngest rocks are in the center of the ridge | Evidence from Drilling Samples |
| Who kuan the sea-floor spreading | Harry Hess in the 1960's |
| The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor while pushing older rocks away from the ridge | Sea-Floor Spreading |
| The idea that the earths landmasses have broken apart, rejoined, amd moved to other parts of the globe forms part of the ______ | Plate tectonic theory |
| Pulling away from each other | Divergent |
| Crashing head-on | Convergent |
| Sliding past each other | Transform |
| Causes sea floor spreading | Rifting |
| Features of Divergent Boundary | Mid ocean ridges, rift valleys, and fissure volcanoes |
| Where the more more dense plates slides under the less dense plate | Subduction Zone |
| Process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle; allows part of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle | |
| Occurs at subduction zones. Deep underwater canyons from where oceanic crust bends downward | Deep-Ocean Trench |
| The more dense plate slides under the less dense plate creating a new subduction zone called | Trench |
| The plates push against each other, creating_____ | Mountain Ranges |
| Boundary bewteen two plates sliding past each other | TRANSFORMED BOUNDARIES |
| Example of transformed boundary | |
| Plates | |
| Subduction | |
| San Andreas Fault |
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