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Chapter 11 Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
your ears pop on a plane because... the air pressure is higher in the air
if a container has a high # of particles, it will have... high # of collisions & high pressure
if the temperature of a container is high, it will have... high speed of particles, high # of collisions, high pressure
if a container is expanded, it will have... high volume, low # of collisions, low pressure
a skate is more likely to break through ice than a shoe because... it is the same force on a smaller area, increasing pressure
the pressure units of STP are... 1 atm - 101.3kPa - 760 torr - 760 mmHg
in a manometer, the side with less pressure will... be higher
in a manometer, the difference in the height of the columns is equal to... the difference between the two pressures
the equation to calculate the pressure of gas in a manometer is... P(gas) = P (atm) ± P (Hg)
if the air is higher on the open side of a manometer, the equation would include... adding
the steps to solving a manometer equation are... 1) convert pressure to correct units -- 2) decide to add or subtract -- 3) plug in and solve -- 4) round to at least two dp
dalton's law of partial pressure total pressure = sum of partial pressure of each gas
dalton's law of partial pressure equation P (total) = P1+P2+...
mole fraction equations X1 = n1/n(total) ﹌ n (total) = n1+n2+...
partial pressure equations X1 = P1/P(total) ﹌ P1 = X1 x P (total)
partial pressure SHORTCUT equation P1 = n1/n(total) x P (total)
X1 stands for... mole fraction
P1, P2, etc. stands for... partial pressure
P (total) stands for... total pressure
n1 stands for... number of moles in gas #1
n (total) stands for... total number of moles
to find what percent a mole fraction is equal to, use the equation... X1 x 100 = %
pressure and volume have a/an... inverse relationship
temperature and pressure have a/an... direct relationship
volume and temperature have a/an... direct relationship
Boyle's Law at a constant temp, the volume of a gas is inversely related to the pressure
Boyle's Equation P1V1=P2V2
Charles' Law at constant pressure, the volume is directly related to the ABSOLUTE temp
Charles' Equation V1/T1 = V2/T2
Gay-Lussac Law at constant volume, the pressure is directly related to the ABSOLUTE temp
Gay-Lussac Equation P1/T1 = P2/T2
Combined Gas Equation P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
when solving any gas law equations, make sure... all variable have the same units & all temps are in kelvin
Celsius To Kelvin Equation C°+273=K
a beaker must be fully filled with water before collecting gas because... it minimizes reactions & makes the gas relatively pure
the water level will go down when a gas generator is in use because... the gas generator exerts pressure
when using water to collect gas, it will never be completely pure because... water will evaporate and become present
Collecting Gas Over Water Equation P (total) = P (H2O) + P (dry gas)
at 25°C, water's pressure is... 3.17kPa
Avogadro's Law equal volumes of gases at the same temperature & pressure contain the same amount of molecules
Molar Volume volume occupied by one mole of gas
at STP, 1 mol of a substance is equal to... 22.4 L
the number of molecules in one mole is... 6.022 x 10^23
Gay-Lussac's Law Of Combining Volumes at constant temperature & pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants & products can be expressed at ratios of small whole numbers
the constant value for 'R' is... 0.0821
Density Equation D=MP/RT
Units For PV=nRT pressure in atm / volume in L / moles in moles / temperature in K / R in Latm/moleK
when given the grams in a PV=nRt problem... convert to moles using stoich
Unit For Density g/L
Unit For Molar Mass g/mole
gases are nearly ideal with... high temperature & low pressure
gases deviate from being ideal with... high polarity & IMFA
ideal gases have... no volume & no IMFA
Diffusion random scattering of gas particles
Effusion gas particles escape through a hole
Graham's Law Equation r1/r2 = √m2/m1
you decide to multiply or divide in Graham's Law by... high mass, slower, multiply // low mass, faster, divide
Solving Graham's Law 1: calculate molar mass // 2: write equation // 3: plug in & solve // 4: write the rate expression: (r gas 1 = # r gas 2)
Steps To Find Unknown Molar Mass 1: write the rate statement (r gas 1 = # r gas 2) // rearrange the rate expressions
Created by: abievans
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