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modwhistory Chap14-3
modern world history Chapter 14 section 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why was China ready for revolution in the early 1900? | China had suffered years of humiliation at the hands of outsiders. |
| Did foreign countries control China's trade and economic resources in the early 1900's? | yes |
| What was believed would be the 2 keys for China's survival after the 1900'? | Modernization and nationalism |
| What modernization and nationalism was needed o improve China?` | Build the army and navy, build modern factories, and to reform education. |
| What was the kuomintang? | China's Nationalist Partry pushing for modernization and nationalism. |
| Who was Sun Yixan? | First great leader of China's Nationalism. |
| How long did Qing rule China? | from 1644 to 1911. |
| Who overthrew the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty? | Revolutionary Alliance, a forerunner of Kuomintang. |
| When did the Revolutionary Alliance over throw the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty/ | 1911 |
| Who became president of the new Republic of China? | Sun Yixian |
| When did Sun become preident of the Republic of China? | 1912 |
| What are the "3 principles of the people" that Sun Yixian considered the basis to establish a modern government? | nationalism (end foreign control), people's rights (democracy), and people's livelihood (economic security for all Chinese) |
| Who lead the overthrow of the last Chinese emperor? | Sun Yixian |
| Which of the "3 Priniciples of the People" did Sun Yixian say the Chinese lacked? | nationalism ("4 million people gathered together like a heap of loose sand") |
| Eventhough Sun Yixian had lasting influence as a revolutionary leader, what did he lack? | the authority and military support to secure national unity |
| Who did Sun Yixian turn the presidency over to? | a powerful general, Yuan Shikai |
| What did Yuan Shikai quickly betray that sparked local revolts? | the democratic ideals of the revolution |
| When did Yuan Shikai die and civil war breakout? | 1916 |
| When civil war broke out in 1916, who held the real authority? | Provincial warlords and military leaders |
| How much of China did the provincial warlords and mility leaders rule? | territories asw large as their armies could conquer |
| Who did Beijing declare war against in 1917 in World War I? | Germany |
| Who did Beijing hope would win WWI? | the Allied leaders |
| Why did Beijing side with the Allied leaders? | they mistakenly believed the Allies would return control of Chinese territories that previously belonged to Germany |
| Under the Treaty of Bersailles, who did the Allied leaders give control over the Chinese territories that previousl belonged to Germany? | Japan |
| When was the "May Fourth Movement"? | May 4, 1919 |
| Who lead the "May Fourth Movement"? | 3000 angry students demonstrating in the center of Beijing |
| Why were the students of the "May Fourth Movement" angry? | the students heard that the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan control of Chinese terriroties that previously belonged to Germany |
| What other groups in China shared the aims of the May Fourth Movement? | Sun Yixian and the Kuomintange members |
| What problems did the new Republic of China face? | No central rule on their own. Sun Yixian believed in democracy, but many young Chinese intellectuals turned against Sun Yixian and favored Lenin's Soviet communism |
| What young assistant librarian help found the Chinese Communist Party in 1921? | Mao Zedong |
| When did a group meet in Shanghai to organize the Chinese Communist Party? | 1921 |
| Where did Mao Zedong envision the setting to develop his brand of communism? | in rural country where peasants were trun revolutionaries |
| What forces does Mao identify as those that the peasants will overcome? | imperalism, militarism, corrupt officialdom, village bosses, and evil gentry |
| How does Mao Zedong's communism base differ from Lenin's? | Lenin based his Marxist revolution in Russia's cities, but Zedong based his in the rural country |
| Why did Sun Yixian switch to the Communist Party? | Because the Western democracies refused to support Sun's Nationalist Party in south China |
| Who did Sun ally with to form the Communist Party? | the Kuomintang |
| Who helped China's Nationalist Party and why? | Lenin in 1823 in return the Nationist Party would allow the Communist Party to join the Kuomintang |
| What support did Lenin give to the Nationist to ally with Kuomintang's Chinese Communist Party? | military advisors and equipment |
| When did Sun Yixian die? | 1925 |
| Who headed the Kuomintang after Sun Yixian died in 1925? | Jiang Jieshi, formerly called Chiang Kai-shek. |
| Who was Jiang Jieshi and his followers? | Jian Jieshi was the son of a middle-class merchant and his followers were bankers and business people. |
| What did Jiang Jieshi promise to all Chinese? | democracy and political rights |
| What did Jiang Jieshi and his followers fear? | the Communists' goal of creating a socialist economy modeled after the Soviet Union |
| What happened to the government under Jiang Jieshi? | Under Jiang Jieshi the government became less democratic and more corrupt |
| Who did the peasants support and why? | The peasants supported the Chinese Communist Party because they Jian did little to improve their lives. |
| What did Mao do to gain the support of the peasants? | Mao divided the land that the Communists won to the local farmers |
| When did the Jiang's Nationalists forces put aside their differences and fight together with the Communists successfully? | When both nationalists and communists fought the warlords |
| When did the Nationalists troops and armed gangs move into Shanghai to kill the Communists? | April 1927 Nationists killed Communist leaders and trade union members in the city streets of Shanghai |
| Who nearly wiped out the Communist Party in 1927? | Jiang's Nationist Party troops and armed gangs in Shanghai and other cities |
| When did Jiang become the president of the Nationalist Republic of China? | In 1928 |
| Which 2 countries recognized the Nationlist Republic of China in 1928? | Great Britian and the United States |
| Which country did not recognize the Republic of Chin in 1928? | the Soviet Union because of the slaughter at Shanghai |
| What were the long lasting effects of Jiang's treacherous massacre? | Communists' deep-seated rage that erupted into civil war that lasted until 1949 |
| Where did the Communist establish themselves in 1930 to fight the bloody civil war againist the Nationalists? | In the hills of south-central China |
| Who lead teh Communist in the civil wat in 1930? | Mao |
| What was the name of Mao's army and who did he recruit? | The Red Army recruited peasants |
| What type of warfare did the Red Army use? | guerrilla warfare |
| What started the Long March? | Jiang gathered an army of over 700,000 and surrounded the Communists' mountain stronghold and realizing defeat, the 100,000 Communist forces fled. |
| How many miles aws the Long March? | 6,000 miles |
| Where did the Long March start and end? | Ruijin in south China to the caves of Shaanxi in northwest China. |
| How long did the Long March last? | from 1934 to 1935 |
| What were the results of the Long March? | Mao and only 7,000-8,000 Communist survivors settled in the caves of northwest china, Japan invaded China |
| Why did the Japanese decide to invade China during China's civil war? | The Japanese took advantage of China's weakening situation. |
| Where did the Japanese first invade China? | Manchuria, in northeast China |
| When did the Japanese launch an all-out invasion of China? | In 1937 |
| When did Japan hold control of a large part of China? | In 1938 |
| What caused the Civil War in China to end? | the invasion of the Japanese |
| What group was formed by the Nationalists and Communists to unite to fight the Japanese? | The National Assembly |
| What changes did the National Assembly outline in Sun Yixian's "5 Principles of the People"? | nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood |
Created by:
wmjack