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1. Why is a diagnostic-type protective tube housing required?
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2. The housing enclosing the x-ray tube must be constructed with _______ to reduce leakage radiation.
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Chapter 11

Equipment design for radiation protection

QuestionAnswer
1. Why is a diagnostic-type protective tube housing required? To safeguard the patient and imaging personnel from off-focus, or leakage, radiation by restricting the emission of x-rays to the area of the useful, or primary, beam
2. The housing enclosing the x-ray tube must be constructed with _______ to reduce leakage radiation. lead lining
3. Leakage radiation is measured at a distance of ___ from the x-ray source and must not exceed an air kerma rate of ___________ or exposure rate of ______________ when the tube is operated at its highest voltage at the highest current that allows continu 1.1 meter__, 2. 0.88 mGy/hr 3..100 mR/hr_
4. Define control panel or console Place where technical exposure factors such as mA, kVp, and exposure duration (mS) are selected and visually displayed.
5. Where must the control panel or console be located? Behind a properly shielded barrier that also has a radiation-absorbent window, which permits continuous observation of the patient during any procedure
6. True or False: It is required that the exposure hand control be mechanically affixed to the console such that it cannot be activated while the operator is in an unshielded location. True
7. The radiographic examination table must be strong enough to support weight up to and in excess of _______ pounds. _400__
8. What type of material is commonly used in the tabletop to meet the thickness and radiolucency requirement? Carbon fiber
9. How can radiographic equipment meet the SID indicator needs? Radiographic equipment comes with an indicator that will perform the function of maintaining a required SID. Previously, a simple device such as a tape measure was attached to the collimator or tube housing so that the radiographer could manually measure
10. Distance and centering indicators must be accurate within ___ and ___ of the SID respectively. 2% __ 1%
11. Define the function of the light-localizing variable-aperture rectangular collimator. Provides the unit with the ability to automatically or manually adjust the x-ray beam to a specific size and shape (either rectangular or square). Serves as the x-ray beam limitation device that approximates the size of the anatomical area or part to be i
13. To minimize skin exposure to electrons produced by photon interaction with the collimator, the patient’s skin surface should be at least _____ cm below the collimator for fixed radiographic equipment. 15
14. Portable or mobile radiographic units are required to maintain a SSD of at least ______ cm. 30
15. The standard of acceptance is that the sum of the cross-table and along-the-table alignment differences between the x-ray and light beams must not exceed _______ of the SID. 2%
16. The two coincidence requirements between the radiographic beam and the localizing light beam are known as: Alignment and congruence
17. According to state requirements, both in alignment and congruence, of a positive beam limitation (PBL) system’s setting with the actual dimensions of the radiographic beam vary from ______ of the SID. 2%__ to __3%
18. Define filtration. Absorption of most of the lower-energy photons (long wavelength) from the heterogeneous beam. Filtration icreases quality thus hardening the beam
19. List the two types of filtration. inherent and added
20. What comprises inherent filtration? Glass envelope encasing the x-ray tube, insulating oil surrounding the tube, and the glass window in the tube housing
21. What comprises added filtration? Thin sheets of aluminum (or the equivalent) of a millimeter to submillimeter thickness
22. What is the regulatory standard requirement for total filtration for fixed x-ray units operating above 70 kVp? 2.5 mm Al equivalent
23. What is the most widely used filter material in diagnostic radiology? Why? Aluminum. Removes very low energy x rays from a poly energetic beam. with out decreasing x ray intensity. light weight, sturdy, inexpensive, readily available
Define HVL A material such as aluminum, lead-acrylic, or other suitable material inserted between the x-ray source and the patient to modify the quality of the beam across the FOV. Examples include a wedge or trough/bilateral wedge filter.
25. Define compensating filters and provide examples. A material such as aluminum, lead-acrylic, or other suitable material inserted between the x-ray source and the patient to modify the quality of the beam across the FOV. Examples include a wedge or trough/bilateral wedge filter.
Created by: JonR
 

 



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