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Ecology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Can the genotype of an individual be determined if it has the dominant phenotype? | no |
| Can the genotype of an individual be determined if it has the recessive phenotype? | yes |
| Evolutionary change occurs as a result of which of the following? | Both B & C |
| Gene flow among populations can result in ___. | Both B & C Unique alleles potentially transferring from one population to another Populations potentially becoming genetically similar over time |
| Genetic drift would have the greatest deleterious effect on ___. | small populations |
| Goldfish kept in small tanks stay small while the same individuals might grow to be a foot long if living in a lake. Which type of variation is most responsible for the size differences seen in goldfish? | Environmental |
| How many copies of each gene are present in cells that are diploid? | two |
| How many copies of each gene are present in cells that are haploid? | one |
| In the context of evolution, what does the term descent with modification mean? | Natural selection will cause populations occurring in different environments to become increasingly different over time. |
| What are the two sources (underlying causes) of morphological variation? | Genes and Environment |
| What is a factor that can cause mutations? | All of the other choices Errors in copying DNA prior to cellular division Exposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight Mutagens X-rays |
| What is the level of biological organization that selection acts on? | individual |
| What is the smallest level of biological organization at which evolution can occur? | population |
| Which aspect of evolution might cause populations to become more similar to each other for alleles that don’t alter survival or reproduction? | genetic flow |
| Which of the following accounts for the spread of new genetic variation from its place of origin? | migration |
| Which of the following allows one particular chromosome to have mutations from both the father’s lineage and the mother’s lineage? | recombination |
| Which of the following can account for the increase in frequency of poorly adapted alleles in a population? | genetic drift |
| Which of the following can change allele frequencies due to chance survival and reproduction in small populations? | genetic drift |
| Which of the following is the source of new genetic variation? | mutations |
| Which of the following most quickly increases the population-level frequency of alleles that make individuals better adapted to their environment? | natural selection |
| Which of the following would be most likely for a population that is in a consistent and predictable environment? | stabilizing selection |
| Which of the following would be most likely in a population that is experiencing a consistent environmental change (e.g., warming temperatures)? | directional selection |
| Which of the following would be most likely in a population when being well adapted to exploit one resource makes individuals less well adapted to exploit a different resource? | disruptive selection |
| Which phenotype can be heterozygous? | dominant |
| Which source of variation is eye color most strongly controlled by? | genetic |
| Which statement about evolution is true? | Natural selection will cause the allele frequencies in a population to change through time in response to stress. |
| Which statement about mutations and their influence on evolutionary processes is true? | all of the above |
| Which type of alleles can natural selection change the frequency of most quickly? | dominant |
| Acclimatization to environmental stress may involve which of the following? | Both A & B A behavior that lowers the exposure of the organism to a stress A physiological change that lessens the impact of the stress |
| How is the geographic distribution of an organism linked to the physical environment? | all of the above |
| Indigenous peoples who live at high elevations in the Andes Mountains and Tibetan highlands have different adaptations to survive breathing air that has a low concentration of oxygen. What can be inferred from the two groups? | Different populations adapted in different ways |
| What can limit actual distribution of a species? | All of the other answers Dispersal ability, disturbance (fire), competition |
| What change(s) occur(s) in acclimatization to being a high elevation? | All of the other choices Greater production of red blood cells Higher blood pressure in the arteries around the lunds Higher breathing rates |
| What are a handful species of amphibian and reptiles that live in the tundra that allows them to live through arctic winters? | Freeze solid and stop all metabolism |
| What must happen before ecotypes are considered to be different species? | The ecotypes must be reproductively isolated. |
| Which gas is at too low of a concentration in the blood to meet the needs of the tissues when someone is experiencing hypoxia? | oxygen |
| Which method of surviving extreme conditions is seen when animals hibernate through the winter? | avoidance |
| Which method of surviving extreme conditions is seen when frogs in the arctic freeze solid during the winter? | tolerance |
| Which method of surviving extreme conditions is seen when insect-eating birds migrate to Central America during the winter? | avoidance |
| Which of the following covers a greater geographical area for nearly all species? | potential distribution |
| Which of the following statements is true of organisms' geographic distribution? | It is usually narrower than its potential distribution, due to biological interactions with other species and constraints on obtaining energy & nutrients. |
| Which of the following would be considered an example of adaptation? | A population of foxes that inhabits the alpine zone of a mountain has greater seasonal change in fur length than a population of foxes that inhabits a warmer environment at the base of the mountain. |
| Energy for heterotrophic organisms is derived from ___. | Organic compounds found in their environment |
| What are the two sources of energy used by autotrophic species? | Sunlight and inorganic compounds |
| Which group of organisms has some members that are chemosynthetic? | bacteria |
| Which group of organisms is composed almost entirely of photosynthetic species? | plants |
| Which of the following characterize the energy source(s) of hemiparasitic plants? | They use a combination of photosynthesis and parasitized carbohydrates for energy. |
| Which of the following characterize the energy source(s) of holoparasitic plants? | They are heterotrophic, reliant on other plants to provide them with energy. |
| Why are sea slugs that maintain chloroplasts from the algae the eat to become partially autotrophic not considered to be involved in a mutualistic symbiosis as we previously discussed with algae living within coral polyps? | The chloroplasts are maintained outside of the individuals that produced them. |
| Why do endothermic species require more food than ectothermic species? | Endothermic species use stored energy to produce heat. |
Created by:
klewellyn