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Unit 9:Solutions
Term | Definition |
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soluble | capable of dissolving in a particular solvent |
solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
suspension | a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas |
colloids | a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid or gas |
tyndall effect | a beam of light distinguishes a colloid from a solution |
electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current |
non-electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current |
solution equilibrium | the physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystalization of a solute occur |
saturated solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
unsaturated solution | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute |
supersaturated solution | a solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature |
solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute thay will dissolve |
hydration | the strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that causes electrolytic dissociation |
immiscible | describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other |
miscible | describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions |
henry's law | the law that states that at constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on the surface of the liquid |
effervescence | a bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling |
enthalpy of a solution | the amount of energy released or absorbed as heat when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent |
concetration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
molarity | a concentration of unit of a solution expressed as moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution |
molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |