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Unit 9: Solutions

TermDefinition
Soluble Capable of dissolving in a particular solvent.
Solution A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase.
Solvent In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.
Solute In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent.
Suspension A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas.
Colloids A mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas.
Tyndall Effect A beam of light distinguishes a colloid from a solution.
Electrolyte A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current.
Nonelectrolyte A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current.
Solution Equilibrium The physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates.
Saturated Solution A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions.
Unsaturated Solution A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute.
Supersaturated solution A solution that holds more dissolved solute that is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature.
Solubility The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in term of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent to produce a saturated solution.
Hydration The strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that causes electrolytic dissociation.
Immiscible Describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other.
Miscible Describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions.
Henry's Law The law that states that at constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on the surface of the liquid.
Effervescence A bubbling of a liquid cased by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling.
Enthalpy of a solution The amount of energy released or absorbed as heat when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent.
Concentration The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore.
Molarity A concentration unit of a solution expressed as moles of solute dissolved per litter of solution.
Molality The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Created by: pg428739
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