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unit 9: Solutions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| soluble | Capable of dissolving in a particular solvent |
| solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
| solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| solute | in a solution , the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
| suspension | a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas |
| colloids | a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas |
| tyndall effect | a beam of light distinguishes a colloid from a solution |
| electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current |
| nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current |
| solution equilibrium | the physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates |
| saturated solution | A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
| unsaturated solution | a solution that contains less solute that a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute |
| supersaturated solution | a solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent to produce a saturated solution |
| hydration | the strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that causes electrolytic dissociation |
| immiscible | describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other |
| miscible | describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions |
| Henry's law | the law that states that at constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on the surface of the liquid |
| effervescence | a bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling |
| enthalpy of a solution | the amount of energy released or absorbed as heat when specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent |
| concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture , solution, or ore |
| molarity | the concentration of a solution in moles of solute per kilo of solvent |
| molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilo of solvent |
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