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Unit 9
Solutions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Soluble | Capable of dissolving in a particular solvent |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase. |
| Solvent | In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| Solute | In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
| Suspension | A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas. |
| Colloids | A mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas. |
| Tyndall Effect | A beam of light distinguishes a colloid from a solution. |
| Electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current |
| Nonelectrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current. |
| Solution equilibrium | The physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates. |
| Saturated solution | A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given condition. |
| Unsaturated solution | A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute. |
| Supersaturated solution | A solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature. |
| Solubility | The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount to produce a saturated solution. |
| Hydration | The strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that causes electrolytic dissociation. |
| Immiscible | Describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other. |
| Miscible | Describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions. |
| Henry's law | The law that states that at constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid |
| Effervesence | A bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling. |
| Enthaply of a solution | The amount of energy released or absorbed as heat when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent. |
| Concentration | The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
| Molarity | A concentration unit of a solution expressed as moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution |
| Molality | The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. |
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