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Unit 9
Solutions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Soluble | Capable of dissolving in a particular solvent |
Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase. |
Solvent | In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
Solute | In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
Suspension | A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas. |
Colloids | A mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas. |
Tyndall Effect | A beam of light distinguishes a colloid from a solution. |
Electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current |
Nonelectrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current. |
Solution equilibrium | The physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates. |
Saturated solution | A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given condition. |
Unsaturated solution | A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute. |
Supersaturated solution | A solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature. |
Solubility | The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount to produce a saturated solution. |
Hydration | The strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that causes electrolytic dissociation. |
Immiscible | Describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other. |
Miscible | Describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions. |
Henry's law | The law that states that at constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid |
Effervesence | A bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling. |
Enthaply of a solution | The amount of energy released or absorbed as heat when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent. |
Concentration | The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
Molarity | A concentration unit of a solution expressed as moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution |
Molality | The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. |