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Unit 9: Solutions
Question | Answer |
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Soluble | Capable of dissolving in a particular solvent |
Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
solvent | In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
solute | In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
suspension | A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas |
colloids | A mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas |
tyndall effect | Light is scattered by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium |
electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current |
nonelectrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current |
solution equilibrium | The physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates |
saturated solution | A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
unsaturated solution | A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute |
supersaturated solution | A solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature |
solubility | The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure |
hydration | The strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that causes electrolytic dissociation |
immiscible | Describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other |
miscible | Describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions |
Henry's law | The law that states that at constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on the surface of the liquid |
effervescence | A bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling |
enthalpy of a solution | The amount of energy released or absorbed as heat when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent |
concentration | The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution or ore |
molarity | A concentration unit of a solution expressed as moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution |
molality | The concentration of a solution expressed in moles solute per kilogram of solvent |