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Unit 9: Solutions
Chemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Soluble | Capable of dissolving in a particular solvent |
Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly |
Solvent | In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
Solute | In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
Suspension | A mixture in which particularities of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas |
Colloids | A mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, gas |
Tyndall effect | When light is scattered by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium |
Electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in the water to give a solution that conducts a electric current |
Nonelectrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current |
Solution equilibrium | The physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates |
Saturated solution | A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
Unsaturated solution | A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution does and that is able to dissolve additional solute |
Supersaturated solution | A solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature |
Solubility | The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent to produce a saturated solution |
Hydration | The strong affinity of water molecules for particles of dissolved or suspended substances that causes electrolytic dissociation |
Immiscible | Describes two or more liquids that don't mix with each other |
Miscible | Describes two or more liquids that can dissolve in various proportions |
Henry's law | The law that states that at constant temperature , the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the surface of the liquid |
Effervescence | A bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling |
Enthalpy of a solution | The amount of energy released or absorbed as heat when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent |
Concentration | The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
Molarity | A concentration unit of a solution expressed as moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution |
Molality | The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |