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Unit: 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Soluble | By soluble, we mean capable of being dissolved |
| Solution | A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
| Solvent | The dissolving medium in a solution is called solvent |
| Solute | substance dissolved in a solution is called the solute |
| Suspension | if the particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated, the mixture is called a suspension |
| colloids | particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions form mixture known as xolloidal dispersions, or simply colloids |
| tyndall effect | A beam of light distinguishes a colloid from a solution. The particles in a colloid will scatter light, making the beam visible. |
| electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current is called an electrolyte |
| nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current is called a nonelectrolyte |
| solution equilibrium | is the physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates |
| saturated solution | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute is described as a saturated solution |
| unsaturated solution | a solutions that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions is an unsaturated solution |
| supersaturated solution | is a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions |
| solubility | of a substance is the amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temp |
| hydration | the solution process with water as the solvent is referred to as hydration |
| immiscible | liquids that are not soluble in each other are immiscible |
| miscible | liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion |
| Henry's law | named after the english chemist william henry, states: The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid |
| effervescence | the raoid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved is known as effervescence |
| enthalpy of a solution | the net amount of energy absorbed as heat by the solution when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent is the enthalpy of solution |
| concentration | of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution |
| molarity | is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution |
| molality | is the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |
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