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Unit 9: Solutions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
soluble | Capable of being dissolved |
solution | a homogenous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase |
solvent | The dissolving medium in a solution |
solute | the substance dissolved in a solution |
suspension | If the particle in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated . |
colloids | particles that are intermediate on size between those in solutions and suspensions form mixtures known as colloidal dispersion |
tyndall effect | A beam of light distinguishes a colloid from a solution. The particles in a colloid will scatter light, making the beam visible . The mixture of gelatin and water in the jar on the right is a colloid. |
electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current. |
nonelectrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current . |
solution equilibrium | the physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates. |
saturated solution | A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute. |
unsaturated solution | A solution that contains less solute than a saturated soluion under the existing conditions . |
supersaturated solution | A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions . |
solubility | the amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temp. |
hydration | This solution process with water as the solvent. |
immiscible | Liquids that are not soluble in each other. |
miscible | Liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion |
Henry's law | Named after the famou Chemist William Henry which stated: The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid. |
effervescence | The rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved |
enthalpy of a solution | The net amount of energy absorbed as heat by the solution when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent. |
concentration | A measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution. |
molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution |
molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. |