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Anatomy Chapter 10
hole's chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The different types of muscle tissue differ from each other by? | all of these choices are correct. |
| Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue? | production of vitamins |
| Which property of muscles gives it the ability to stretch without damage? | extensibility |
| In an isometric contraction the muscle develops tension but does not | Lengthen |
| This is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle. | epimysium |
| What type of tendon is formed when the connective tissue elements of a skeletal muscle extend as a broad flat layer? | aponeurosis |
| After the fusion of myoblasts, the muscle fiber loses its ability to do what? | go through cell division |
| Which of the following correctly lists the sequences of the structures that action potentials must move through to excite skeletal muscle contraction? | axon of neuron, sarcolemma, T tubules |
| The contractile organelles of a skeletal muscle fiber are thread-like structures called | myofibrils |
| Release of calcium from these structures triggers skeletal muscle contraction. | terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Which of the following describes the regeneration capacity of cardiac muscle cells? | limited, under certain conditions |
| Which of the following regions of a sarcomere contain thin filaments? | both I and A band |
| Which of the following regions of the sarcomere contain thick filaments? | all of these answer choices are correct |
| Myofibrils contain | all of these answers are correct |
| Which of the following functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue? | myosin |
| What regulatory proteins can be found in the thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers? | tropomyosin and troponin |
| Which of the regions of a sarcomere contain titin? | from M line to Z disc |
| Which of the following proteins is used to reinforce the sarcolemma and to help transmit the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons? | dystrophin |
| Specialized cells that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue are called ___ cells | satellite cells |
| Resting tension in a skeletal muscle is called ___ | muscle tone |
| During development, groups of embryonic cells that fuse together to create individual muscle fibers are called ___ | myoblasts |
| A rise a few degrees in temperature within a muscle may result in a severe contraction called heat ___ | rigor |
| The time when a muscle cell cannot be stimulated because repolarization is occurring is the ___ | absolute refractory period |
| The condition that results when a muscle is stimulated but cannot respond is referred to as ___ | fatigue |
| In a sarcomere, the dark bands (anisotropic bands) are referred to as ___ | A bands |
| A single cranial or spinal motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates comprise a ___ | motor unit |
| When the muscle shortens but its tension remains the same, the contraction is ___ | isotonic |
| Muscle tissues are highly specialized for producing ___ | body movement |
| The dense layer of collagen fibers surrounding a muscle is called the ___ | epimysium |
| Bundles of muscle fibers are called ___ | fascicles |
| The dense regular connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones is known as a ___ | tendon |
| The cell membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called the ___ | sarcolemma |
| Structures that help distribute the command to contract throughout the muscle fiber are called ___ | T tubules |
| Muscle cells contain contractile units called ___ | sarcomeres |
| When myosin heads bind to the active site on the actin, a ___ is formed | cross-bridge |
| The boundary between adjacent sarcomeres is marked by the ___ | Z lines |
| The conducted charge in the transmembrane potential is called a(n) ___ | action potential |
| The smooth but steady increase in muscular tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called ___ | recruitment |
| Active site exposure during the contraction process occurs when calcium binds to ___ | troponin |
| The interactions between the thick and thin filaments produce ___ | tension |
| Communication between nerve and muscle fiber occurs at specialized junctions called ________. | neuromuscular junction |
| Each of the following factors would increase the probability of skeletal muscles contracting, except _____. | increased permeability of the muscle to potassium ion |
| During a concentric contraction the length of the ________ does not change. | A band |
| Which of the following is not a function of smooth muscle tissue? | forcing blood from the heart to major arteries |
| During activities requiring aerobic endurance _____. | most of the muscle's energy is produced in mitochondria |
| Fast fibers _____. | produce powerful contractions |
| Creatine phosphate _____. | acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue |
| A muscle producing peak tension with rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in ______. | incomplete tetanus |
| Tension is first produced and reaches a peak during the ________ phase of a muscle twitch. | contraction |
| Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the _____. | motor end plate |
| The series of membranous channels that stores calcium and surround each myofibril is the _____. | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Which of the following is not a function of skeletal muscle? | protein storage |
| A muscle that assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts is | A synergist |
| The arrangment of muscle fibers in which the fibers are arranged at an agle to a central longitudinal tendon is | A pennate |
| The prime mover of inspiration is | The diaphragm |
| The arm muscle that both flexes and supinate the forearm is the | Biceps |
| Several muscles act to move or stabilize the scapula. Which of the following are small rectangular muscles that square the shoulders as they act together to retract the scapula? | Rhomboids |
| The prime mover of the hip extension against resistance is the | Gluteus medius |
| In walking which two lower limb muscles keep the forward swinging foot from dragging the ground? | Gluteus medius and the tibialis anterior |
| What criterion are used in nameing the gluteus medius? | Relative size and muscle location |
| Which of the three lever systems involved in muscle mechanisms would be the fastest lever | Third class lever |
| What benefit is provided by a lever that operates at a mechanical advantage? | Allows the muscle to exert less force than the load being moved |
| The term "prime mover" is used in the business world to indicate people that get things done. What is the physiological meaning? | The term refers to the muscle that bears the most responsibility for causing a particular movement |
| Which muscle shortens the most | The one with the parallel arrangement (sartorius) could shorten the greatest degree |
| Which two would most likely be most powerful? Why? | The stocky bipennate (rectus femoris) and the mutipennate (deltoid) muscles would be most powerful because they pack in the most fibers |
| What does it mean when we say that a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage and what benefits does such a lever provided rapidly through a large distance, with only minimal muscle shortening | When the load is far from the fulcrum, and the effort is applied near the fulcrum, the effort applied must be greater than the load to be moved. This type of leverage can be advantageous bc it allows the load to be mov |
| Name the four muscle pairs that act in unison to compress the abdominal contents | Inner and outer obliques, rectus abdomin said, and transversal ab |
| How does their (ab) arrangement or fiber direction, contribute to the strength of the abdominal wall? | Each pair is arranged at a cross each other which provides strength, just as the different grain directions is plywood that make it strong |
| Which of these muscles can effect lateral rotation of the spine | External and internal oblique |
| Which can act alone to flex the spine | Rectus abdominus |
| Name three muscles or muscle groups used as sites for intramuscular injunctions | Deltoid, vast us lateralis, gluteus Maximus and medius |
| Which of these is used most often in enfants | Vastus Lateralis because their hips and arms are not as developed |
| First class lever | Effort is applied at one end of the lever and he load is at the other, with the fulcrum in between. Ex. Scissors and lifting head from chest. Adv: strength. Dis: speed and distance |
| Why is it easier to flex the right elbow when your forearm is supinated than when it is pronated | Because if you pronate it will be harder to pick up the weight because the biceps are unable to act |
| He heard a snapping sound and it was followed by a severe pain in his right lower calf. What happened and what was the upper part of his calf swollen? | He pulled his Achilles' tendon. His upper calf was swollen because the tendon runs up the leg and looked swollen because the gastrocnemius wasn't being pulled by the tendon like normal |
| What lever system is described by the following activities? - the solus muscle planar flexes the foot. -the deltoid abducts the arm. - the triceps brachii is strained while doing push-ups. | 2, 3, 1 |
| A guy pulls the muscles in her medial thighs. Which muscles were these and what might this condition be called? | He injured his abductor muscles sometime called a pulled groin |
| A prime mover of thigh flexion is the | iliopsoas |
Created by:
yanise2006