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Midterm 1
Chapters 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined, and learned known as? | Memory |
| Who conducted the first truly scientific memory experiments and used himself as a subject? | Hermann Ebbinghaus |
| What is the process whereby we acquire and apply information known as? | Cognition |
| What is the process by which we experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior known as? | Learning |
| Learning is a process by which experience results in what? | Relatively permanent behavior change or potential behavior change |
| What is a type of learning that involves associating one event with another? | Operant or classical conditioning |
| What is the transfer of a response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus called? | Classical conditioning |
| What name do we associate most closely with classical conditioning? | Ivan Pavlov |
| A researcher trains a little boy to dear a hamster by bangingn drums every time the boy approaches the hamster. What type of learning is this? | Classical conditioning |
| By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment what was the meat? | Unconditioned stimulus |
| By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, what was the salivation to the bell? | Conditioned response |
| What is an originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and eventually produces the desired response when presented alone? | Conditioned stimulus |
| After conditioning, what is the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented? | Conditioned response |
| Sara has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the at food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Sara knows that this is classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus? | Cupboard door opening |
| Classical conditioning can also occur in humans. Often advertisers use comedy in a commercial to evoke a positive emotion, then flash the company's logo at a consumer. In this situation, what is the comedy creating the positive emotion doing? | Unconditioned response |
| Mary Cover Jones first demonstrated that children's fears can be what? | Unlearned through classical conditioning |
| A child learns that whenever he cleans his room, he gets his allowance. What is the type of learning best explained by? | Operant conditioning |
| The idea that a behavior will increase or decrease based on the consequences that follow that behavior is crucial to what? | Operant conditioning |
| Operant conditioning operates on the principle that behaviors occur more often when they are what? | Reinforced |
| What is any stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated called? | Punisher |
| A box used in operant condition of animals, which limits the available responses and this increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur, is a what? | Skinner |
| A "Skinner box" is most likely to be used in research on | Operant conditioning |
| To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop, the tiger is first reinforced to jump on a certain pedestal, then jump from one to another, then to jump through a hoop, then through a flaming one all to get to his reward. What is this an example of? | Shaping |
| A child is scolded for fighting with his sister. The scolding stop when the child stop bickering with his sibling. Stopping the scolding is an example of what type of reinforcement? | Negative Reinforcement |
| What type of behavior controller is punishment? | Powerful |
| What is an operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains voluntary control over some physiological process called? | Biofeedback |
| Jones often gets tension headaches from his stressful job. His doctor taught him to control them by attaching an electronic device that emits a tone to his head. When his head relaxes the tone drops, and his headaches are relieved. What technique is this? | Biofeedback |
| What is the use of biofeedback to monitor and control brain wave activity known as? | Neurofeedback |
| Gina prefers science class because the instructor gives quizzes every Friday. In her psych course, she never knows when there will be a quiz, because the instructor prefers to do pop quizzes sporadically. What schedule is Gina's instructor testing her on? | Variable-interval schedule |
| Gambling behavior is very hard to extinguish because it is reinforced according to what schedule of reinforcement? | Variable-interval |
| In classical conditioning, extinction occurs because the what is no long paired with the what? | Conditioned stimulus(CS); Unconditioned stimulus(US) |
| What is vicarious learning another term for? | Observational learning |
Created by:
Jazzhand