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Midterm 1
Psychology midterm Chapters 1 & 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who founded the first psychology laboratory? | Wundt |
| What standards apply to the use of animals in research? | Psychologists must acquire, care for, use, and dispose of animals in compliance with current federal, state, and local laws and regulations with professional standards, Including providing anesthesia in surgery and ensuring health and comfort as possible |
| Who is the psychodynamic theory most closely associated to? | Freud |
| At the beginning of the 20th century, where were most university psychology programs located in? | Philosophy departments |
| What does the term "race" refer to? | An individual's biological, but not cultural, heritage |
| A researcher gives a rat a pellet each time it presses the proper level in its cage. What is this technique called? | Reinforcement |
| A psychologist studying children with autism pick a select group of children who are hopefully representative of all others that have been diagnosed with the disorder. What are the group of children being studied known to the researchers as? | Sample |
| If the explanation of the causes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior is a psychologists goal, what method of research should be used? | Experimental |
| The idea that psychology should be based only on observable, measurable behavior is central to what? | Behaviorism |
| Two groups of people are given different kinds of practice problems in logic. They are tested on a set of new problems to determine whether one kind of practice was better than the other. What kind of variable was the nature of the practice problems? | Independent |
| According to Freud, What is much of our behavior controlled by? | Unconscious desires |
| In the experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable . What is the second variable, which is observed for any possible side effects, called? | Dependent |
| What are case studies, naturalistic observations, and surveys best suited to do what with behaviors, beliefs, opinions, and attitudes? | Describing |
| For the most part, American workers at these plants have refused to unionize in the traditional american mold, preferring to work under the Japanese model. What mental health profession would be most interested in these events? | Industrial/organizational |
| A noted scientist argues that consciousness is a continuous flow, and that perceptions, associations, sensations and emotions can be separated. Who is this scientist most likely a follower of? | James |
| A sample in which everyone in a population has an equal chance of bring selected to the sample is called what? | Random sampling |
| Wundt was primarily interested in memory and the process by which we determine what we are going to attend to at any given moment, also called what? | Selective attention |
| What is observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls known as? | Naturalistic observation |
| What did Watson's experiment with little Albert demonstrate? | People can be trained and conditioned |
| The characteristics of a state of mind necessary for critical thinking include: | A willingness to submit your own beliefs under scrutiny, a willingness to challenge the opinion of others, and objectivity |
| According to Wundt, attention is controlled by what? | Intentions and motives |
| Skinner rewarded subjects for behaving the way he wanted them to, and coined the term what? | Shaping or learning (don't know) |
| One group watches Sesame Street on TV every day for a month while the other group watches cartoons. Both are them given a test that measures creativity. Who is the independent variable in this study | What the children watch on TV |
| Watson attempted to demonstrate that all psychological phenomena were a result of what? | Learning |
| A common cultural heritage, including religion, language, and/or ancestry, that is shared by a group of individuals is called what? | Ethnicity |
| What type of psychologists study physical, mental, social and emotional growth from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age? | Developmental |
| Who is B.F. Skinner associate with? | Behaviorism |
| Psychologists that conduct research on basic psychological processes, including learning, memory, sensation, perception, thinking, motivation, and emotion are most likely what type of psychologists? | Experimental |
| What word do researchers use to refer to the psychological and social meanings attached to being biologically male and female? | Gender |
| Jean Piaget's intensive observations and analysis of his three children formed the basis of his theories of childhood development. What method of research is this an example of? | Case Study |
| What did the school of thought, founded by James Watson, become known as? | Behaviorism |
| What does the term plasticity refer to in regard to the brain? | Ability to adapt to new conditions |
| What is the part of a neuron which contains the nucleus and has a complete set of the neuron's chromosomes and genes? | Cell body |
| What is the function of the neuron's dendrite? | Receives messages from neighboring neurons |
| What is the function of the neuron's axon? | Conduct outgoing electrical electrochemical impulses toward other neurons, muscles, or glands |
| What is the primary purpose of the myelin sheath? | Insulate the neuron so it can transmit information more efficiently |
| What does the "all or none law" principle state? | A neuron fires at full strength or not at all |
| What are the two major parts of the nervous system? | Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System |
| What is believed to be the earliest part of the brain the evolve? | Limbic system |
| What part of the hindbrain that controls functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure? | Medulla |
| What part of the brain is responsible for emotional behavior such as experiencing rage, terror, or pleasure? | Amygdala |
| What is the Limbic System responsible for? | Controlling and learning emotional behavior |
| What area of the frontal lobe is crucial for our ability to talk? | Broca's area |
| What is Broca's area important for? Wernicke's? | Talking; listening |
| What techniques are used to study the functions of single neurons? | Microelectrode |
| Microelectrode techniques are used for what? | Study overall activity in particular regions of the brain |
| What are structural imaging techniques used for? | Mapping structures in the living brain |
| What are functional imaging techniques used for? | Observing the brian's activity as it reacts to sensory stimuli |
| What branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency? | Sympathetic divison |
| What system coordinates and integrates behavior by secreting chemicals into the bloodstream? | Endocrine system |
Created by:
Jazzhand