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Chem Ch. 4
Atoms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electrons | negative charge 0.00055 amu (relative mass) |
| Rutherford Gold Foil experiment | the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus, proposed the nuclear model of the atom |
| Thompson Plum Pudding Model experiment | discovered electrons, present in many elements |
| nucleus | small, dense core at center of atom contains protons & neutrons |
| proton | positive charge 1.007 amu |
| neutron | neutral charge 1.007 amu |
| periodic table - rows | periods |
| periodic table - columns | elements with similar properties |
| periodic table - metals: left/middle | good conductors (heat & electricty) |
| periodic table - metals: malleable | pounded into thin sheets |
| periodic table - metals: ductile | drawn into wire |
| periodic table - metalloids | along the zig-zag mix of metal, non-metal properties |
| main group elements | columns 1-2 & 13-18 |
| alkali metals | column 1 |
| alkaline earth metals | column 2 |
| halogens | column 17 |
| noble gasses | column 18 |
| transition metals | columns 3-12 |
| ions | charged atom |
| charge | # protons - # electrons |
| cation | ion with positive charge |
| anion | ion with negative charge |
| valence electrons | outermost electrons from nucleus |
| isotopes | atoms of same element with different number of electrons |
| mass number | # of protons & # of neutrons |
| atomic number | # of protons |
| # of neutrons | mass # - atomic # |
| average atomic mass |
Created by:
nat.riv
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