Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharmacology Midterm
midterm lol
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of drugs derived from herbal sources is known as: pharmacotherapeutics pharmacognosy pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics | pharmacognosy |
| Which of the following organizations is a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services? DEA CDC FDA TJC | FDA |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of a drug withdrawn from the U.S. market as a result of postmarketing surveillance? aprotinin morphine sulfate gatifloxacin lumiracoxib | morphine sulfate |
| How many people are injured annually by medication errors in the United States? 99,000 450,000 840,000 1,300,000 | 1,300,000 |
| Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are controlled by which of the following organizations? CDC EPA NCCAM CFSAN | NCCAM |
| Which of the following drugs carries a black box warning? celecoxib valdecoxib rofecoxib rifampin | celecoxib |
| Pharmacology deals with all the drugs used in society today, including prescription, legal, OTC, and ________ drugs. generic legend illegal experimental | illegal |
| Any substance intended to be used to improve a physiologic or pathologic condition is known as a: drug dose solution compound | drug |
| A "medicine" refers to a drug mixed with other ingredients that may improve its taste, physical form, or: effectiveness stability odor color | stability |
| A sugar pill (which may be thought to be a drug by the patient) is also known as a(n): diet pill energy pill placebo antihyperglycemic agent | placebo |
| Once a drug has been administered to a patient, it is called: biological therapeutic an alternative drug a medication | a medication |
| Herbal products and dietary supplements are controlled by: The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition |
| Which of the following is the most famous examples of a drug that was withdrawn after postmarketing surveillance? celecoxib furosemide atenolol penbutolol | celecoxib |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of a biologic drug? vaccine interferon antibody toothpaste | toothpaste |
| Manufacturers start developing their trade names for a new drug during which of the following drug approval phases? Clinical phase 1 trials Clinical phase 2 trials Clinical phase 3 trials Phase IV | Clinical phase 1 trials |
| Which of the following body fluids is the most commonly used to characterize pharmacologic drug actions? | Blood |
| Which of the following can determine the dose-effect relationship? | Both |
| Drugs must ________ before being absorbed. | dissolve |
| An example of a toxic agent in which a small dose causes drowsiness, but a large dose can be fatal is: | carbon monoxide |
| A drug that blocks the effects of another substance is called which of the following? | antagonist |
| The therapeutic index of a drug is used to predict whether a certain: | dosage is safe for a specific patient |
| The affinity for a target receptor is its: | attractive force |
| Which of the following in an enzyme embedded in cell membranes? | insulin |
| A drug that binds to a receptor, and produces a stimulatory response that is similar to what an endogenous substance would have done if it were bound to the receptor is known as a(n): | agonist |
| The primary site of gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of a drug is the: | small intestine |
| The speed of systemic availability depends on pharmaceutical factors and: | gastrointestinal absorption |
| Most drug metabolism occurs in the: | liver |
| The initial rate of distribution of a drug is heavily dependent on the ________ to various organs. | blood flow |
| Orally administered drugs are usually absorbed in the: | upper GI tract |
| The stomach has a(n) ________ environment. | acidic |
| Most drug metabolism is also referred to as: | biotransformation |
| Which of the following medications temporarily bypasses the liver? | Nitroglycerin |
| For which of the following drugs may toxicity occur when blood levels of potassium are lower than normal? | digoxin |
| Certain drugs are poorly distributed to the CNS because they: | pass through the blood-brain barrier |
| End-products of a drug occur in the: | liver |
| Side effects are generally predictable, and their intensity is: | dose dependent |
| The FDA requires serious or unexpected events to be reported within how many days? | 15 |
| Any components inside the body to which drugs bind are called: | drug targets |
| Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of anaphylactic shock? | hypertension |
| Which of the following drugs are most commonly linked to physical dependence? | narcotics |
| The generic name of "Lipitor" is: | atorvastatin |
| Epinephrine is frequently injected to combat anaphylactic shock, but must be administered: | soon after shock begins |
| Before administering a drug, knowledge of a patient's ________ is essential. | allergies |
| When a drug to which a person has become physically dependent is discontinued, what will occur? | abstinence syndrome |
| Which of the following is the fourth major drug-related cause of death, especially among elderly patients in the USA? | adverse drug reaction |
| Which of the following is most often linked to cumulative toxicity? | ethyl alcohol |
| An example of an herbal supplement that interacts with NSAIDs is: | ginkgo biloba |
| Amphetamines are most commonly classified as which type of scheduled drug? | Schedule II |
| Medical facilities must comply with the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard and be able to prove their compliance to: | OSHA inspectors |
| Thalidomide was being sold as a sleeping pill outside the United States when it was discovered that the drug could harm: | fetuses during the first trimester of pregnancy |
| Anabolic steroids are derived from: | hormones |
| OSHA's mission is to ensure: | workplace safety and a healthy workplace environment |
| HIPAA stands for: | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
| The CDC's primary function is to issue: | infection control regulations |
| Standards of behavior and the concept of right and wrong beyond legal considerations are known as: | ethics |
| Drug samples: | may not be sold |
| Allied health professionals must use confidentiality in all areas that concern: | medications and their administration |
| Which of the following types of agents are sometimes used by athletes to increase physical performance and require a prescription? | Anabolic steroids |
| Why is heroin considered a Schedule I drug but cocaine is considered a Schedule II drug? | Because cocaine has accepted medical use in the United States but heroin does not |
| Severe psychological or physical dependence may result from abuse of which of the following types of scheduled drugs? | Schedule II |
| Most tablets are intended to be swallowed whole for dissolution and absorption by the: | gastrointestinal tract |
| Most rectal drugs offer: | systemic effects |
| Enteric coatings may be used to keep a drug from dissolving in the: | stomach |
| "Vital signs" are commonly abbreviated as: | VS |
| For rapid absorption, sublingual tablets must be dissolved: | under the tongue |
| Preparations that must be shaken before being administered are known as mixtures or: | suspensions |
| Topical drugs are applied directly to the skin and usually offer: | a local effect |
| Prescriptions in hospitals are usually written on a drug chart or physician order sheet and then transcribed onto a: | medication administration record (MAR) |
| All elixirs contain: | alcohol |
| Failure to administer a drug in the correct form results in a: | medication error |
| Liquid drugs are more rapidly available for GI absorption than solid drugs because they are: | more rapidly dissolved than solid drugs |
| Lotions are intended for topical use and have a(n): | water base |
| An example of a drug commonly administered transdermally is: | nicotine |
| Enteric coating prevents an irritating drug from causing a(n): | ulcer of the stomach |
| Which of the following suffixes means "disease"? | -pathy |
| The most common medication error involves: | the dosage of the drug |
| Drug errors most often involve: | antibiotics and analgesics |
| Which of the following routes is the most common route by which medications are given? | Oral |
| Most needles are made of stainless steel and are: | disposable |
| Ampules are usually marked with ink and: | prescored |
| The most common method of administering an intramuscular injection involves a: | 90-degree angle |
| How many times must the medication label be checked during its preparation to confirm the right drug, dose, and strength? | three |
| Medication errors must be documented in the medical record with: | the signature of the individual who made the error |
| Because suppositories are designed to melt at body temperature, they are usually kept: | in the refrigerator |
| The first time you should check a medication's label is when: | the medication is taken from the storage area |
| The route that may be more dangerous than others because of the possibility of injecting a drug incorrectly into a vein is which of the following routes? | Intravenous route |
| The easiest way to make sure the drug is being given to the patient it was ordered for is to: | ask the patient his or her name |
| Which of the following is often used as a diluent in parenteral medications? | Sterile normal saline |
| Dull or damaged needles should: | never be used |
| Commonly used needle shafts may range from: | 1/2 to 2 inches |
| "Wasting the medication" concerns the disposal of: | controlled substances |
| Which type of tube is placed directly into the patient's stomach and used to feed the patient? | Gastrostomy |
| Two common socioeconomic problems for elderly adults are the lack of finances to purchase medications and: | the lack of transportation to obtain them |
| The three most commonly used types of syringes are hypodermic, tuberculin, and: | insulin |
| Which of the following significantly reduces medication errors? | unit-dose systems |
| The Roman numeral system consists of letters that represent number values—most commonly of numbers between: | 1 and 100 |
| The fraction bar, which separates the numerator and denominator in a fraction, also means: | divided by |
| A common fraction represents: | equal parts of a whole |
| In Roman numerals, if a lower valued letter is placed before a higher valued letter: | the lower-valued letter is subtracted from the higher-valued letter |
| Fractions are used in apothecary and household measures for: | dosage calculations |
| Decimal fractions, or decimals, are used within which of the following systems? | Metric |
| Proportions express the relationship of equality between two ratios. In the proportion 1:4 :: 3:12, which terms are called the extremes and which are called the means? | 1 and 12 are the extremes and 4 and 3 are the means |
| To change a percent to a decimal, move the decimal point: | two places to the left |
| The most common, accurate, and safest system of measurement in all countries is the: | metric system |
| Which of the following is the most used parameter and is essential as a dosage unit? | Weight |
| Milliequivalents and international units indicate the: | strengths of certain drugs |
| Vitamins are measured in: | international units |
| Which of the following is NOT measured in units? | Aspirin |
| There are two common scales of temperature used throughout the world: Fahrenheit and: | Celsius |
| 32°F (freezing) is equivalent to: | 0 C |
| 100°C (boiling) is equivalent to: | 212°F |
| To convert Celsius into Fahrenheit, which equation is correct? | 1.8 × °C + 32 |
| Household measurements are NOT precisely accurate, so they should never be used in the: | medical setting |
| Most prescriptions and medication orders are written in the: | metric system |
| Which of the following is NOT a unit of volume? | Pound |
| 1 milliliter (mL) is equivalent to 1: | cubic centimeter |
| 16 ounces are equivalent to 1: | pound |
| For measuring medications at home, it is important to understand that 1 tablespoon equals: | 3 teaspoons |
| In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the: | meter |
| Drams are apothecary measures that are equivalent to: | 1/8 of an ounce |
| The definition of the term therapeutic is: | curative |
| A dropper that is marked with graduated measurements is: | calibrated |
| The amount to be administered at one time is known as the: | desired dose |
| Changing the strengths of the drug ordered and the drug available into a single unit is known as: | conversion |
| Less concentrated mixtures are known as: | dilutions |
| Tablets may be broken into parts only if they are notched or: | scored |
| A pancreatic hormone that stimulates glucose metabolism is known as: | insulin |
| The most common form of solid oral medication is the: | tablet |
| Oval-shaped gelatin shells containing medication are known as: | capsules |
| Before calculating a child's dose by body weight, you must convert his or her weight into: | kilograms |
| Young's rule is used for children: | older than 1 year old |
| Fried's rule is used for patients who are: | younger than 1 year old |
| The schedule of dosing for a drug is the: | dosing regimen |
| To produce an adequate blood level to yield the desired therapeutic effect, some drugs require: | a loading dose |
| You can calculate the amount to administer by using the: | fraction proportion method |
| If the safe dosage for a pediatric patient is NOT listed on the drug label, you can find it on the package insert, in the PDR, or in the: | U.S. Pharmacopeia |
| The definition of the term therapeutic is: | curative |
| Young's rule is used for children: | older than 1 year old |
| Fried's rule is used for patients who are: | younger than 1 year old |
| The definition of the term units is: | quantities |
| Receiving two or three medications for the same condition is referred to as: | polypharmacy |
| Toxic effects of medications may be caused by: | All of these |
| The most common medication error involves: | dosage |
| Health-care professionals should double-check medications against which of the following? | Medication administration record (MAR) |
| Keeping track of a patient's medications as he or she changes health-care providers is called: | medication reconciliation |
| The steps that can help in avoiding medication errors and promoting safe administration of medications include assessment, planning, implementation, and: | evaluation |
| Nearly half of all fatal medication errors occur in patients older than: | 60 years old |
| Why are children more likely to experience medication errors in relation to dosages? | Because dosages are based on body weight |
| After a patient is discharged, he or she should receive a complete list of which of the following? | Medications to be taken |
| Patients must be educated so they understand the potential adverse effects that need to be reported: | immediately |
| First stage errors can occur during prescribing or ordering when practitioners are: | distracted or interrupted |
| A medication error may occur when dealing with outpatients because pharmacists do NOT do which of the following? | Adequately counsel patients |
| Which of the following agencies coordinates the reporting of medication errors? | FDA |
| Which of the following general recommendations may reduce medication errors? | All of these are correct |
| MedWatch is a program for reporting medication errors and was established by which government agency? | FDA |
Created by:
roxi00