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Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The endocrine gland located behind the stomach is the | Pancreas |
| ______ are released within a tissue and affect the function of neighboring cells within that tissue | Paracrine signals |
| The hypothalamus regulates hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland using ________ while it regulates the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland using______ | Hormones; action potentials |
| Which statement is incorrect? The secretion of a hormone from some endocrine glands is controlled by______ | A secretion released by an exocrine gland |
| ______ hormones bind to a receptor on the ______ which releases an enzyme that converts atp into cAMP | Non steroid; plasma membrane |
| ______ stimulates the contraction of mammary glands when nursing infant | Oxytocin |
| ______ stimulates the production of sperm in testes | Follicular stimulating hormone |
| The secretion of oxytocin is controlled by | Action potentials resulting from stretching of the uterus or stimulation of the nipples |
| The secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone is controlled by | A releasing hormone from hypothalamus |
| Acromegaly results from the | Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood |
| The secretion of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by | The concentration of water in body fluids |
| The secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone is controlled by | A releasing hormone from hypothalamus |
| The secretion of follicular stimulating hormone is controlled by | A releasing hormone from hypothalamus |
| Which of the following hormones stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth | Oxytocin |
| An increase in blood Ca2 concentration stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete | Calcitonin |
| _______ stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones | A releasing hormone from the anterior lobe of pituitary gland |
| _______ is(are) important during infancy and childhood for normal development of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems | Thyroid hormones |
| _______ stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones | TSH |
| ______ stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin | An increase in blood Ca2 concentration |
| ______ results from the Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones and is thought to be an autoimmune disorder | Graves’ disease |
| ______ results from a severe hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in adults | Myxedema |
| The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled by | A change of blood calcium level |
| ______is characterized by weak bones that are prone to spontaneous fractures and kidney stones | Hyperparathyroidism |
| Which hormone increases the blood calcium level | PTH |
| ______ helps the body to cope with chronic stress | Cortisol |
| The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine is controlled by | Action potentials for the sympathetic part of the autonomic division |
| _______ reduces inflammation | Cortisol |
| _______ is characterized by soft and weak bones that are prone to spontaneous fractures and may lead to the formation of kidney stones | Hyperparathyroidism |
| Addison Disease results from the | Hyposecretion by the adrenal cortex |
| The adrenal androgens______ | Contribute to the female sex drive, have no significant effect on adult males |
| _______ is characterized by high blood pressure, high blood glucose level, fat accumulation on the trunk, fatigue , and edema | Cushing syndrome |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by | The Hyposecretion of insulin due to destruction of the beta cells |
| The hormone ________ stimulates movement of glucose into body cells and conversion of glucose into glycogen | Insulin |
| ________ is secreted by alpha cells of pancreas, it’s secretion is stimulated by _______ in blood glucose level | Glucagon, a decrease |
| The secretion of estrogen is controlled by | LH |
| In males, LH is also know as | ICSH |
| _______ prepare the uterus for receiving a pre embryo and maintain the pregnancy | Progesterone |
| _________ stimulates the development and maturation of the female reproductive organs and the secondary sex characteristics | Estrogens |
| The thymus gland is typically ______ in children than adults, and is involved in the maturation of ______ | Larger; lymphocytes |
| Which gland produces melatonin | Pineal gland |
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the______ | Adrenal medulla |
| Nonsteroid hormones ______ pass across the plasma membrane; they cause the target cells to______ that produce the characteristic effects of the hormones | Cannot; activate or inactivate the cellular enzymes |
| Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones ________ pass across the plasma membrane ; they cause the target cells to_______ that produce the characteristic effects of the hormones | Can; synthesize specific proteins |
| _______ are hormones released by neurons and enter the blood for distribution throughout the body | Neuroendocrine secretions |
| Pituitary dwarfism is caused by the | Hyposecretion of GH during childhood |
| ADH promotes | Water retention by the kidneys |
| The secretion of prolactin is controlled by | A releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus |
| _________ stimulates milk secretion and maintains milk production by mammary glands | Prolactin |
| _________ promotes protein synthesis, increase the release of fat from adipose tissue, and stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose | Growth hormone |
| The secretion of ______ is controlled by a _______ mechanism | Oxytocin; positive feedback |
| The secretion of growth hormone is controlled by | A releasing hormone and an inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus |
| _______ is an enlargement of thyroid gland that results from a deficiency of iodine in the diet | Simple goiter |
| Calcitonin stimulates Ca2 deposition by_______ and Ca2 excretion by the kidneys | Osteoblast |
| ________ is(are) the primary factors that determine the basal metabolic rate of the body | Thyroid hormones |
| _____ is characterized by a decrease in blood Ca2 level, which may result in cardiac arrest and tetany of skeletal muscles | Hypoparathyroidism |
| _______ activates vitamin D | Parathyroid hormone |
| ______ increases metabolic rate and stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| _________ is the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that stimulates the kidneys to retain_______ and maintains blood volume and blood pressure | Aldosterone; sodium ions |
| ________ promote the conversion of non carbohydrate nutrients to glucose | Cortisol |
| _______ prepares the body to meet short term stress | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Cushing syndrome results from the | Hypersecretion by the adrenal cortex |
| The adrenal androgens | Contribute to the female sex drive, have no significant effect on adult males |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by | A reduction of the insulin receptors on target cells |
| _______ stimulate the development and maturation of the male reproductive organs and the secondary sex characteristics | Testosterone |
| Which gland produces thymosins | Thymus |
Created by:
Senoye1