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is made up of various elements each of these elements affects the interaction input devices
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basic parts of computer system
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HCI
Chapter 2 - The Computer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is made up of various elements each of these elements affects the interaction input devices | Computer/Computer System |
| basic parts of computer system | screen, or monitor, keyboard, & mouse/trackpad |
| Most common text input device | Keyboards |
| Allows rapid entry of text by experienced users, & Usually connected by cable, but can be wireless | Keyboards |
| non-alphanumeric keys are placed differently, & accented symbols needed for different scripts, & minor differences between UK and USA keyboards | QWERTY |
| arrangement not optimal for typing, & layout to prevent typewriters jamming! | QWERTY |
| keys arranged in alphabetic order, & not faster for trained typists, & not faster for beginners either! | Alphabetic |
| common letters under dominant fingers, & biased towards right hand, & common combinations of letters alternate between hands | Dvorak |
| designs to reduce fatigue for RSI, & for one handed use | special keyboards |
| only a few keys - four or 5 letters typed as combination of keypresses | Chord keyboards |
| use numeric keys with multiple presses 2 – a b c 6 - m n o 3 - d e f 7 - p q r s 4 - g h i 8 - t u v 5 - j k l 9 - w x y z hello = 4433555[pause]555666 surprisingly fast! | phone pad and T9 entry |
| type as if single key for each letter, & use dictionary to ‘guess’ the right word, & hello = 43556 … | T9 predictive entry |
| Text can be input into the computer, using a pen and a digesting tablet, & natural interaction | Handwriting recognition |
| Improving rapidly, & Most successful when: | Speech recognition |
| for entering numbers | Numeric keypads |
| Handheld pointing device: very common, & easy to use | Mouse |
| Two characteristics of the mouse | planar movement, & buttons |
| Ball on underside of mouse turns as mouse is moved, & Rotates orthogonal potentiometers, & Can be used on almost any flat surface | Mechanical |
| light emitting diode on underside of mouse, & may use special grid-like pad or just on desk | Optical |
| small touch sensitive tablets | Touchpad |
| ‘stroke’ to move mouse pointer used mainly in laptop computers | Touchpad |
| ball is rotated inside static housing. & like an upsdie down mouse! | Trackball |
| two dials for X-Y cursor position | Thumbwheels …– for accurate CAD |
| single dial on mouse | Thumbwheels …– for fast scrolling |
| indirect, pressure of stick = velocity of movement | Joystick |
| often used for computer games, & aircraft controls and 3D navigation | Joystick |
| for laptop computers, & miniature joystick in the middle of the keyboard | Keyboard nipple |
| Detect the presence of finger or stylus on the screen., & works by interrupting matrix of light beams, capacitance changes or ultrasonic reflections | Touch-sensitive screen |
| direct pointing device | Touch-sensitive screen |
| small pen-like pointer to draw directly on screen | Stylus |
| may use touch sensitive surface or magnetic detection | Stylus |
| used in PDA, tablets PCs and drawing tables | Stylus |
| now rarely used, & uses light from screen to detect location | Light Pen |
| Mouse like-device with cross hairs, & used on special surface and rather like stylus | Digitizing tablet |
| very accurate & used for digitizing maps | Digitizing tablet |
| control interface by eye gaze direction. & uses laser beam reflected off retina | Eyegaze |
| Four keys (up, down, left, right) on keyboard. & Very, very cheap, but slow. | Cursor keys |
| screen is vast number of coloured dots | bitmap displays |
| diagonal lines that have discontinuities in due to horizontal raster scan process. | Jaggies |
| softens edges by using shades of line colour & also used for text | Anti-aliasing |
| Stream of electrons emitted from electron gun, focused and directed by magnetic fields, hit phosphor-coated screen which glows | Cathode ray tube |
| used in TVs and computer monitors | Cathode ray tube |
| Smaller, lighter, and … no radiation problems. | Liquid crystal displays |
| draw the lines to be displayed directly, & no jaggies, & lines need to be constantly redrawn , & rarely used except in special instruments | Random Scan (Directed-beam refresh, vector display) |
| Similar to random scan but persistent => no flicker. & Can be incrementally updated but not selectively erased. & Used in analogue storage oscilloscopes | Direct view storage tube (DVST) |
| used for meetings, lectures, etc. | large displays |
| usually wide screen | plasma |
| lots of small screens together | video walls |
| RGB lights or LCD projector. & hand/body obscures screen | projected |
| frosted glass + projector behind | back-projected |
| displays in ‘public’ places. Large or small & very public or for small group | situated displays |
| thin flexible sheets, & updated electronically | Digital paper |
| steering wheels, knobs and dials … just like real! | cockpit and virtual controls |
| six-degrees of movement: x, y, z + roll, pitch, yaw | the 3D mouse |
| fibre optics used to detect finger position | data glove |
| detect head motion and possibly eye gaze | VR helmets |
| accelerometers strapped to limbs or reflective dots and video processing | whole body tracking |
| ordinary screen, mouse or keyboard control, & perspective and motion give 3D effect | desktop VR |
| use stereoscopic vision, & VR helmets, & screen plus shuttered specs, etc. | seeing in 3D |
| mve head … lag … display moves | time delay |
| headset gives different stereo distance, & but all focused in same plane | depth perception |
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cessy_comscie