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Sustainable Industry
Unit 4: The need for more sustainable industry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mineral | a naturally occurring substance found in the rocks in the Earth's crust |
| mineral deposit | a high concentration of a mineral in a particular place |
| mine / quarry | the place where rocks and minerals are extracted |
| fossil fuels, uranium and renewable energy | primary energy (examples) |
| electricity, gasoline, diesel | secondary energy (examples) |
| non-renewable energy | energy obtained from natural sources that exist in limited quantities and cannot be replenished in the short term |
| renewable energy | energy obtained from sources that cannot be used up or can be replenished naturally |
| uranium | a metallic radioactive mineral which is used as fuel in nuclear power plants |
| hydroelectric power | type of energy when the force of falling water is used to generate electricity |
| biomass energy | type of energy when organic matter is transformed to produce electricity and fuel |
| geothermal energy | type of energy when the Earth's internal heat is used for domestic heating, hot water and to produce electricity |
| tidal energy | type of energy when the rise and fall of strong tides are used to produce electricity |
| nuclear fission | the process when uranium atoms break and nuclear energy is obained |
| industry | an activity in the secondary sector, which includes all operations whose purpose is to transform raw materials into finished products |
| basic industries | industires which transform raw materials into commodities (steel, copper, fibres) |
| capital goods industries | industries which use the products made by basic industries to manufacture production equipments (engines, machinery) |
| consumer goods industries | industries which produce products intended for direct consumption (clothing, food, vehicles) |
| cutting-edge industries | industries with growing demand which rely on technological innovations |
| offshoring | when a business moves part or all of its production processes to another country |
| tax incentives | a reduction in taxes intended to attract foreign investment |
| mature industries | traditional industries with decreasing demand |
| heavy industries | based on the amount of raw material required for the production, basic and capital goods industries are .... |
| light industries | based on the amount of raw material required for the production, consumer goods industries are .... |
| commodity | a raw material that can be bought and sold, such as steel or copper |
| decarbonisation | the process of reducing carbon dioxide emissions |
| fossil fuels | non-renewable energy sources formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals |
| housing bubble | it occurs when the price of housing rises at a rapid pace, driven by an increase in demand |
| petrochemical | a chemical obtained from petroleum and natural gas |
| protectionist measures | regulations that make it more difficult for foreign products to enter a country's territory |
| linear economic model | an economic model which contains the following four phases: produce, buy, use, throw away |
| circular economic model | an economic model which is based on using renewable energies and recycling products |
| green products | goods that contribute to caring for the environment, such as energy-saving light bulbs |
| mining | the activity of extracting rocks and minerals from deposits |
| automation | the use of automatic equipment in a manufacturing process |
| mechanisation | the introduction of machines into the manufacturing process |
| reshoring | the return of factories that were offshored previously |
Created by:
livia.pasztor
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