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The Age of Jefferson
The Age of Jefferson Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| War Hawks | Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to take over British land in North America and expand. |
| Barbary Pirates | Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations. |
| Impressment | British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service. |
| Judicial Review | Review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of a trial court's decision. |
| Embargo act | Response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the Act banned the export of all goods from the United States to any foreign port. The embargo placed great strains on the American economy while only marginally affecting its European tar |
| Nointercourse Act | Americans could now trade with all nations except Britain and France. |
| Macon’s Bill No. 2 | -restored trade w/ Britain+France -if one country agreed to support/respect neutral rights then US would prohibit trade w/ that nation's foe |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812. |
| War of 1812 | Fought between Britain and the United States largely over the issues of trade and impressment. Though the war ended in a relative draw, it demonstrated America’s willingness to defend its interests militarily, earning the young nation newfound respect fro |
| Federalists | Favored a strong central government, and a Constitution to improve on the Articles of Confederation. They were most common along the Atlantic coast and in the large cities. |
| Democratic- Republicans | Political party that were against the Federalists. They opposed strong central government and favored states rights. They were led by Thomas Jefferson. |
| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme Court case that established the principle of “judicial review”—the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality. |
| The Treaty of Ghent | was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The treaty largely restored relations between the two nations to status quo ante bellum. Due to the era's slow speed |
| Hartford Convention | Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island met in 1814 in Hartford, Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disgust of the war and to redress their grievances. The Hartford Convention's final report demanded:-Financial assistance from Washingt |
| The era of Good Feeling | a period in the political history of the United States that reflected rising nationalism in America after between 1817-1825. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the disputes between it and the dominant Democratic-Republican Part |
| Tariff of 1816 | This was a protective tariff that was principally intended to hold the production of textiles and goods. This tariff was made in order to defend the industries that were established during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812, promoting new industries. |
| Panic of 1819 | The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. It marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the |
| American System | High tariffs to protect American industries and generate revenue for the federal government, included a National Bank of the United States to stabilize the currency, and had internal improvements, mostly of transportation. |
| Missouri Compromise | Proposed by Henry Clay. Set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. |
| Tallmadge Amendment | A proposed solution to the Missouri Compromise, forbid slavery in Missouri and said that all black children should be free after becoming 25 years old, and isn't passed and offends the South. |
| Marshall Court | Established the principle of "judicial review" whereby Congressional laws and executive actions may be judged by the Supreme Court to be within the bounds of the Constitution. |
| Rush- Bagot Agreement | An 1817 disarmament pact between U.S. and Britain, it strictly limited Naval armament on the Great Lakes. The agreement was extended to place limits on U.S. and Canadian border fortifications. |
| Treaty of 1818 | Treaty between US and Britain; shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland; joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for ten years, and setting of the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel. |
| Florida Purchase- Treaty | An 1819 treaty, in which Spain turned over Florida and the Oregon Territory to the United States. The U.S. agree to assume $5 million debt and give up any claims in Texas. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. |
| Foreign Affairs | following the war of 1812, the U.S adopted a more aggressive, nationalistic approach it its relations with other nations. During Madison's presidency, when problems with the Barbary pirates developed, a fleet under Stephen Decatur was sent in 1815 to fore |
| Thomas Jefferson | A prominent statesman, Thomas Jefferson became George Washington's first secretary of state. Along with James Madison, Jefferson took up the cause of strict constructionists and the Republican Party, advocating limited federal government. As the nation's |
| James Madison | The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817). A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution and was a contributor to The Federalist Papers (1787-1 |
| John Marshall | Federalist Supreme Court justice whose brilliant legal efforts established the principle of judicial review. |
| Napoleon | Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. Approved Jefferson's purchase of French territory. |
| William Henry Harrison | Govenor of the Indiana territory, that fought against Tecumseh and the Prophet in the battle of Tippecanoe. |
| Andrew Jackson | The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal |
| How did Jefferson try to avoid war with Britain and France? | Jefferson's solution to the problems with Great Britain and France was to deny both countries American goods. In December 1807, Congress passed the Embargo Act, which stopped exports and prohibited the departure of merchant ships for foreign ports. |
| How did Madison’s approach to foreign policy differ then Jeffersons'? | Madison's foreign policies were guided by his republican ideals and his faith in the strength of the expanding U.S. economy. As Secretary of State, he cooperated closely with President Jefferson who kept close control over key decisions. As Secretary o |
| What does McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. What do Ogden have in common? | Both cases involve implied powers: Licensing boats (Gibbons) and chartering a national bank (McCulloch). In both cases, the Interstate Commerce Clause is used at least in part as the justification for the implied power. 2. |
| What were the causes, outcomes, and legacies of the War of 1812? | Causes: British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy's impressment of American seamen and America's desire to expand its territory. Outcomes: Ended in a draw on the battlefield, and the peace treaty reflected this. The Treaty of Ghent was si |
| What was the outcome and significance of the Hartford Convention? | The Hartford Convention resulted in a declaration calling on the Federal Government to protect New England and to supply financial aid to New England's badly battered trade economy. |
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