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Indonesian
Grammar, Words, Phrases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Apakah Apakah mereka malas? | Asks a question that requires a 'yes' or 'no' answer Are they lazy? |
| Apa Apa ini? | What? What's this? |
| Siapa Siapa mereka? | 'who' or 'whose', or to ask someones name Who are they? |
| Bagaimana Bagaimana teman Anda? | To ask what someone (or something) is like, or how something is done. What's your friend like? |
| Berapa Berapa harganya? | To ask about numbers, quantities, times, and prices. How much is it? |
| Di mana Di mana toko perabot? | To ask where someone (or something) is. Where is the furniture store? |
| Kapan Kapan Anda lahir? | To ask 'when'. When were you born? |
| Mengapa Mengapa kamu suka mata pelajaran itu? | To ask 'why'. Why did you like that subject? |
| -kah Bisakah dia berenang? | The same type of question as 'apakah' (yes or no), but gives more emphasis). Can he/she swim? |
| Bukan? Di Australia, kebanyakan orang beragama Kristen, bukan? | Turns the sentence into a question to confirm the truth of the statement. eg. 'aren't they?', 'isn't that right?', 'right?' In Australia, the majority of people are Christian. aren't they? |
| 1st person pronouns: I, me, we, us | saya aku, ku kami kita |
| 2nd person pronouns: you | kamu Anda engkau, kau kalian saudara saudara-saudara |
| 3rd person pronouns: he/she, him/her, they/them, him/her/them/it | dia mereka -nya |
| Saya Aku | I, me |
| kami | we, us (not including the person being spoken to) |
| kita | we, us (including the person being spoken to) |
| Kamu, -mu | you (informal), your Kamu is used by friends (of the same age), children, and teacher to student. -mu (your) is acceptable in most situations. |
| Anda | you (formal) Used by young adults, adults, and new acquaintances. Also used in advertisements. |
| engkau, kau | you (mostly used in stories) |
| kalian | you (plural, informal) Used when speaking to equals, younger persons or people of lower status. |
| saudara-saudara | you (plural, formal) Used in formal situations, speeches, announcements, and news broadcasts speaking to multiple people. |
| saudara | you Used in formal situations, speeches, announcements, and news broadcasts. |
| dia | he/she, him/her |
| mereka | they/them |
| -nya | him/her, them/it |
| Apa kabar? | how are you? |
| Saya baik saja. Saya baik sekali. | I am really well. |
| Saya kurang baik. | I am not too good. |
| Saya sakit. | I am sick/unwell. |
| Saya lumayan. Biasa saja. | I am ok. |
| Kenalkan, nama saya. | Let me introduce myself (formal) |
| Kenalkan, namaku. | Let me introduce myself (informal) |
| Siapa nama kamu? | What is your name? (informal) |
| Siapa nama Anda? | What is your name (formal) |
| Tapi panggil saya ___ . Nama panggilan saya ___ . | My nickname is ___ . |
| Suka Saya suka membaca. | Like I like reading |
| Suka sekali saya suka sekali membaca komik. | Really like I really like reading comics. |
| Paling suka Saya paling suka membaca majalah. | Like ... best I like reading magazines best. |
| Senang Saya senang bermalas-malas | Enjoy I enjoy lazing about. |
| Tidak suka Saya tidak suka mengerjakan perkerjaan rumah. | Don't like I don't like homework. |
| Kurang suka Saya kurang suka bermain bola voli. | Don;t like ... very much. I don't like playing volleyball very much. |
| Tidak begitu suka Saya tidak begitu suka bermain bulu tangkis | Don't like ... very much I don't like laying badminton very much. |
| Pandai Saya pandai bermain piano | Good I am good at playing the piano |
| Kurang pandai Saya kurang pandai berolahraga | Not so good I am not so good at sport |
| di | (located) on, in at |
| ke | (moving) to, towards |
| dari | (come, coming) from |
| di sebelah ___ | indicates which direction or side something is located. |
| Utara | North |
| Timur | East |
| Selatan | South |
| Barat | West |
| Kiri | left |
| Kanan | right |
| Many conversational questions omit a pronoun altogether: Kapan tiba di Jakarta? | When did you arrive in Jakarta? |
| Sekolah Dasar (SD) | Primary school/education For 6 years |
| Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) | Middle School For 3 years |
| Sekolah Menegah Umum (SMU) | Highschool For 3 years |
| Kurang pasti Saya kurang suka pelajaran matematika karena saya mendapat kesukaran dalam menghitung. | Not sure Kurang is used as a negative (like tidak) but isn't as emphatic, it softens the negative impact. I don't quite like maths as I have difficulties in counting. |
| Aku Hai! Aku adalah Mia. Aku berasal dari Indonesia dan aku orang Indonesia. | You, me. Used instead of 'saya' because it's more familiar in tone. Hi! I am Mia. I come from Indonesia and I am Indonesian. |
| me-kan memuaskan Puas | Used as adjectives (describing words) Satifying Satisfied |
| tertarik akan (+ noun) Mereka tertarik akan perjalanan ke luar negeri. | interested in They're interested in travelling overseas. |
| menarik | interesting |
| membosankan | boring |
| lebih baik | better |
| lebih buruk | worse |
| mudah | easy |
| sulit | difficult |
| seru | fascinating |
| berguna | useful |
| saya lebih suka | I prefer |
| pelajaran kesukaan saya ___ | my favourite subject ___ |
| saya paling tidak suka | my least favourite |
| saya pandai | I am good at |
| saya tidak pandai | I am not good at |
| saya paling suka | I like (the most) |
| antara lain Kegemaran saya antara lain memasak memotret dan menjahit | among others, include My hobbies include cooking, photography and sewing |
| rajin belajar Teman Mia rajin belajar ekonomi | Works/studies hard Mia's friends works hard at economics |
| malas belajar Teman Mia malas belajar matematika | doesn't work/study hard Mia's friend doesn't work hard at maths. |
| mendapat kesukaran | to have difficulty |
| mendapat kesukaran belajar | to have difficulty/trouble with studying |
| mendapat kesukaran mengerjakan ___ | to have difficulty/trouble doing ___ |
| mendapat kesukaran mengerti ___ | to have difficulty/trouble understanding ___ |
| ilmu | the study of |
| siswa-siswi | students (male and female) |
| pelajaran khusus | special subject |
| dari bangku kelas 7 | from year 7 onwards |
| belajar di luar jam sekolah | to study outside school time |
| pendidikan | education |
| pertukaran | exchange program |
| terbuka untuk | open to |
| sekurang-kurangnya | at least |
| pendaftaran | registration |
| pe-an per-an | usually nouns and come from a 'me-' or 'ber-' verb (describing word) |
| pe- | Added to a base word, it becomes a noun. Used for people (ie. professions) |
| -an | Added to a base word, it becomes a noun. Used for objects. |
| Letters of the 'me-' prefix: meng- | a, e, i, o , u, g, h, (k) <-- drop the k |
| Letters of the 'me-' prefix: mem- | b, f, (p) <-- drop the p |
| Letters of the 'me-' prefix: men- | c, d ,j, (t) <-- drop the t |
| Letters of the 'me-' prefix: me- | l, m, n, r, w |
| Letters of the 'me-' prefix: meny- | (s) <-- drop the s |
| nanti Kita akan berangkat nanti. Kita akan berangkat nanti malam. Saya harus memberskan kamar tidur, nanti ibu marah. | soon, later, if (you/I) don't, or else We'll leave soon. We'll leave later tonight. I must tidy my bedroom or else mum will be angry. |
Created by:
sarah.hamill
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