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Sociology exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is sociology | the scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies |
| According to C. Wright Mills, what is the sociological imagination? including personal and private troubles | the ability to connect personal issues or problems to the social world |
| Who is considered the founding father of sociology | August Conte |
| Durkheim classical theory argument | how different aspects of social life such as division of labor affect our actions; studied anomic suicide |
| Marx classical theory argument | argued that the difference in social classes is what drove change in society |
| Weber classical theory argument | argued that sociological analyzation should focus on political, economic, and culture |
| What is unique about American sociology | uses the cities as their laboratories |
| What is the functionalist theory perspective | (Durkheim) the society should be analyzed as a whole unit, made of different parts that all work together, and each play a specific role |
| Latent | unintended |
| Manifest | intended |
| conflict theory | (Marx) society is made up of different groups competing for the same resources |
| symbolic interaction theory | (Weber) people use symbols to establish meaning and develop their view of the world |
| What are the two different analysis approaches to studying sociology | Micro-sociology, Macro-sociology |
| Micro-sociology | examines the smaller pattern of society (symbolic interaction theory) |
| Macro-sociology | examines the larger patterns in society (functionalist and conflict theories) |
| Quantitative data | numerical data (stats) |
| Qualitative data | written data (categories) |
| Deductive | starts with a theory then a hypothesis forms |
| Inductive | starts with an observation then a theory forms |
| Dependent variable | effect, the change |
| Independent variable | the cause, acts on its own |
| Ethnography | examine or observe people in their own setting |
| Ethnography includes | Participant observation, and Field notes |
| Participant observation | research is observing and is participating |
| Field notes | detailed description of what they are observing |
| What are the choice of methods used | Ethnography, Interviews, Surveys or questionnaires, Existing sources, experiments |
| Surveys | close ended questions (multiple choice, likert scale) and open ended questions |
| Existing sources | Historical analysis: examine historical text, Content analysis: written text |
| What are some issues sociologists experience while conducting research | physical harm, psychological harm, change in behavior |
| example of physical harm in research experiment | Milgram experiment |
| example of psychological harm in research experiment | Stanford prison experiment |
| hawthorne effect | when people who know they are being observed change their behavior |
| What is culture(Becker’s definition) | system of meaning and behaviors that defines the way of life for the given group or society |
| material culture | a physical object that distinguishes a group |
| Non-material culture | a groups way of thinking |
| characteristics of culture | Shared, Learned, Symbolic, Varies across time and place |
| Cultural relativism | tries to understand a different culture on the cultures own terms |
| Ethnocentrism | judges another culture by the standards of its own culture |
| Cultural relativism example | how breakfast differs around the world |
| Ethnocentrism example | how hate groups are created |
| elements of culture | language, symbols, norms and values |
| Symbols | anything that represents something else, Can take many forms, Distinguishes one culture from another, Affect cross culture values, Can unify or divide a society |
| Language | symbols that express ideas and enable people to communicate, Language is universal , Whorf study |
| Values | collective ideas about what is right or wrong, Varies across cultures, Changes overtime, Can be a source of conflict |
| Norms | establishes roles of behavior or standards of conflict, Implicit vs. explicit |
| Folkway | things that are technically not allowed but are socially acceptable and not enforced |
| folkway example | Man walking into a store with no shirt |
| More | things that are not allowed, are not socially acceptable, and heavily enforced |
| more example | A woman walking into a store with no shirt on |
| Supermore | something that is seen as never socially acceptable |
| supermore examples | Cannabilism, mother-child sexual relations |
Created by:
amlougheed