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logical fallacies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ad hominem | pointing out a negative characteristic to support one's argument |
| begging the question | A is true because A is true (circular reasoning) |
| hasty generalization | making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate (usually because it is atypical or just too small) |
| non sequiturs | conclusion doesn't logically follow the premis |
| oversimplification | falsely reduces a complex issue down to overly limited terms |
| slippery slope | an argument that suggests taking a minor action will lead to major and sometimes ludicrous consequences |
| either/or aka false dilemma | when a writer builds an argument upon the assumption that there are only two choices or possible outcomes when actually there are several |
| false analogies | when a comparison is made between two ideas or objects that seemingly have similar characteristics, but the comparison does not hold up |
| post hoc | causation without correlation |
| red herring | distracts the listener by introducing another subject to divert attention from the primary issue |
| straw man | when someone argues that the other person has a view that isn't actually theirs/a distorted version of their true view |
| bandwagon | cites the growing popularity of an idea as a reason for accepting it as true |
| slanted language or argument | using words that carry strong positive or negative feelings can distract an audience, leading them away from the valid arguments one is making |
| "How could Mary know anything about cars? She’s a woman!" | ad hominem |
| “Chocolate is healthy because it is good for you.” | begging the question |
| "The last two mass murderers were from Michigan. Obviously, people from Michigan are dangerous." | hasty generalization |
| "Men are human. Mary is human. Therefore, Mary is a man." | non sequiturs |
| "Many inner city children have dangerous levels of lead in their blood. Therefore, violent crime in the inner city can be solved by curing the lead problem." | oversimplification |
| "If you break your diet and have one cookie tonight, you will just want to eat 10 cookies tomorrow, and before you know it, you will have gained back the 15 pounds you lost." | slippery slope |
| “You’re either part of the solution or part of the problem. | either/or |
| "Joan and Mary both drive pickup trucks. Since Joan is a teacher, Mary must also be a teacher." | false analogy |
| "The rooster crowed, the sun came up. Therefore, the rooster made the sun come up." | post hoc |
| "You claim that the death penalty will not deter crime. But what about the victims of crime?" | red herring |
| "“Scientists tell us we all come from monkeys, and that’s why I homeschool." | straw man |
| "Smoking must be cool because everyone does it." | bandwagon |
| "A person would have to be crazy to vote for such a crook. Choose the morally responsible, ethically upright thing and vote for me!" | slanted argument |
Created by:
marissamal1216
Popular English Vocabulary sets