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CJ 7 Review + Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which term means the unequal treatment of persons based on personal characteristics such as race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation? | discrimination |
| In the early twentieth century, policewomen worked primarily with women and children in need of help or correction. What were policewomen often called? | city mothers |
| Which legislative act barred discrimination on the basis of sex, opening up opportunities for female police officers to perform patrol duty? | Civil Rights Act (1964) |
| Which term describes the simultaneous expectation from white officers that African American officers would give African American suspects better treatment? | double marginality |
| Title VII of which act was designed to prohibit all job discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin? | the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| What type of discrimination, which is discrimination as the indirect result of policies or practices, is the most prevalent form of job discrimination? | de facto |
| The decision in Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) established the concept that __________. | job requirements must be job related |
| What is the purpose of affirmative action programs? | To make up for or undo past discrimination |
| Under what type of arrangement are a certain percentage of openings reserved for particular groups? | quota |
| The study Policewomen on Patrol: Final Report (Police Foundation) found that women officers _________. | were less likely to be charged with improper conduct than male officers |
| A recent study showed little difference between arrest rates for male and female police officers EXCEPT ____________. | female officers were more likely to arrest if supervisors were watching |
| The Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN) study determined that which officers placed more value on quality-of-life policing issues? | African American |
| After reviewing the Christopher Commission report on the riots in Los Angeles following the Rodney King incident, what action did a city councilmember recommend to reduce incidents of police violence in the LAPD? | hiring more women police officers |
| According to a Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) publication, in 2013, it was reported for the first time that nearly what percentage of first-line supervisors were women? | 9.5 percent |
| Which of the following is a major issue regarding Hispanic police officers? | There is no clear consensus on what it means to be Hispanic. |
| The Asian population in the United States has increased dramatically, __________. | but most police departments have few, if any, Asian officers. |
| One problem for both male and female Muslim police officers is that ___________. | police uniforms do not conform to Muslim requirements for clothing and grooming |
| In what year did the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) rescind its policy of opposing the employment of gay police officers? | 1969 |
| Which organization is working specifically on the issues facing African American officers through research, outreach, and shaping policy? | NOBLE |
| Officer Jill Williams plans to take courses from the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Women’s Leadership Institute, where she will also have the opportunity to _____________. | develop a mentoring relationship with a successful female law enforcement executive |
| Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed in 1868 that guarantees “equal protection of the law” to all citizens of the United States; frequently used to govern employment equality in the United States. | Fourteenth amendment |
| Process by which the actions of the police in areas such as arrests, search and seizure, and custodial interrogation are reviewed by the court system to ensure their constitutionality. | judicial review |
| Theory of corruption in which it is believed that individual officers within the agency are bad, rather than the organization as a whole. | rotten apple theory |
| Items of value received by someone because of his or her role or job rather than because of a personal relationship. | gratuities |
| Proactive investigation of corruption in which investigators provide opportunities for officers to commit illegal acts. | integrity tests |
| Payment of money or other contribution to a police officer with the intent to subvert the aim of the criminal justice system. | bribe |
| Acts involving misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner designed to produce personal gain for the officer or others. | corruption |
| The study of what constitutes good or bad conduct. | ethics |
| Subject to punishment for a crime. | criminal liability |
| How is the term “applied ethics” defined? | Applied ethics is concerned with the study of what constitutes right and wrong behavior in certain situations. |
| What is a standard used to identify police ethics? | an oath of office |
| The basic ethical dilemmas of policing stem from an inherent conflict between ___________. | maintaining order and obeying the law |
| What is the process by which police actions are considered at various levels of the court system to be sure they are constitutional? | judicial review |
| The term for accepting money or goods to do (or not do) something while acting in one’s capacity as a police officer is __________. | corruption |
| Perjury is a type of what that involves giving false testimony in court? | police deception |
| The most typical kind of drug-related police misconduct involves _________. | making money by stealing drugs or money, selling drugs, lying about illegal searches, and protecting people who engage in these activities |
| Captain Washington has noticed that Officer Fields pulls over female drivers three times as often as he pulls over male drivers. There is a pattern after recognizing this as one of the warning signs of ____________. | sexual misconduct |
| What is any police-initiated activity that relies on a person’s race or ethnic background, rather than on behavior, as a basis for suspecting that person of criminal activity? | racial profiling |
| According to the Department of Justice, ___________ are more than three times as likely to be searched during a traffic stop as __________. | African Americans; whites |
| Which of the following statements is most accurate? | Most people believe that police engage in racial profiling. |
| What is the difference between “excessive force” and “police brutality”? | Police brutality is more severe than excessive force; it represents a significant disparity between the level of compliance by the citizen and the level of police force used. |
| In a 2015 study of 990 incidents of police using deadly force, what was found to be the critical factor in a police officer misinterpreting the behavior of a civilian as threatening? | implicit bias |
| Detective Smithson investigates allegations of wrongdoing within the police force as a member of the __________. | internal affairs department |
| If a corrupt police officer is fired, the police force can ensure that officer is not hired by another community who does not know about his or her past wrongdoing by beginning which procedures with the state police standards organization? | desertification |
| Civilian review is designed to _________. | allow for independent citizen review of complaints filed against the police |
| What technology has been increasingly used recently to help officers remember to make good decisions during police–citizen interactions? | body cameras |
| A police officer may be sued in civil court for improper behavior, which describes police __________. | civil liability |
| An unarmed suspect died while being transported to jail by two police officers. If they are found guilty of murdering the suspect, the officers will be held __________. | criminally liable |
Created by:
laneamary05