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PEE Quiz # 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of populations (especially population abundance) and how they change over time. It also services special and temporal patterns and abundance and distribution of organisms and of the mechanism to produce those patterns. | Population ecology |
| The form is highly determinant consisting usually a strictly defined number of parts (such as legs or wings) established only during embryogenesis. development and finals for more predictable. | Unitary organism |
| These organisms grow by the repeated iteration of modules, usually to yield a branching pattern. the timing nor form is predictable. | Modular organism |
| Is an individual that has arisen from a seed | Genet |
| It is a new plant which has arisen through vegetative propagation and is now completely a independent plant with its own roots and shoots | Ramet |
| The study of the group characteristics of a population, their changes over time in prediction of future changes | Demography |
| The size of the population is represented by its fundamental property called density. it is generally expressed as the number of individuals or the population biomass per unit area or volume | Population density |
| Types of population density | Crude density and specific (ecological) density |
| Is the density per unit of total space. Generally, populations do not occupy all the space as whole because all area may not be habitable | Crude density |
| Is the density per unit of habitable space. It includes only that portion of total space that can actually be colonised by the population | Specific (ecological) density |
| Absolute number of individuals in population | Abundance |
| Number of individuals per unit area or volume. It is expressed when the size of individuals in the population is relatively uniform | Numerical density |
| Is expressed in terms of net weight, dry weight, volume and carbon and nitrogen weight per unit area or volume. | Biomass density |
| Refers to the rate of reproduction or birth per unit time. | Natality |
| The maximum number of births produced per individual under ideal conditions of environment. Also called reproductive or biotic potential, absolute natality or maximum natality | Potential natality |
| Observed when the species exist under ideal ecological and genetic conditions | Maximum or absolute natality |
| The actual number of births occurring under the existing environmental conditions is much less as compared to absolute natality | Ecological natality or realised natality |
| Refers to the number of deaths for every 1,000 people per year. The death rate is correlated with the conditions of a country | Mortality |
| This is correlated with the conditions of a country | Death rate |
| Represents the minimum of theoretical loss of individuals under ideal or non -limiting conditions. Constant for population | Minimum or specific or potential mortality |
| It refers to the death of individuals of a population under existing environmental conditions. Never constant for population since it varies with environmental conditions. | Ecological or realised mortality |
| This is the birth death ratio | Vital index |
| Is one of the dynamic features of species population | Population growth |
| 2 types of growth curves | Sigmoid or s curve or j shaped curve |
| The level beyond which no major increase can occur | Saturation level or carrying capacity |
| S curve phases | Positive acceleration phase/lag phase Logarithmic phase Negative acceleration phase |
| A characteristic of population which influences natality and mortality | Age distribution |
| The individuals can be divided into pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive groups, who made this? | Bodenheim (1958) |
| The size and density of natural population show a changing pattern over a period of time. | Population fluctuations |
| When the populations remains static over the years, it is said to be what… | Non-fluctuating |
| It has variations that may be seasonal or annual | Cyclic |
| When the population of a species show regular ups and downs over the years | Annual cyclic variation |
| When the change in population density does not occur at regular intervals or in response to any obvious environmental factor | Irruptive fluctuation |
| Density dependent factors | Parasites Disease Starvation Predation |
| Density independent factors | Weather Accidents Environmental catastrophes |
| Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. | Rate of change |
| The difference between the birth rate and death rate of a country or place | The natural increase |
| Major causes of human population change | Agricultural revolution Industrial revolution Progressing growth |
| How to slow human population growth? | Family planning and empowering women |
| Factors that affect a population’s birth rate | The amount and quality of food available Age at first reproduction The birth interval The average number of young produced Fecundity rates (fertility) |
| Executive director of the UN Population Fund | Thorax Ubaid |
| European countries developed a hypothesis of population change known as what? | The demographic transition |
| What is PANDA? | Predator Availability of Resources Nutrients supply Disease/ pathological spread Accumulation of waste |
| What is PAW | Phenomena/phenomenon Abiotic factors Weather conditions |
| Four major components of earth’s life support system? | Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere |
| Membrane of air around the world? | Atmosphere |
| Inner layer that contains greenhouse gases that absorbs and release energy which warms the inner layer of the atmosphere | Troposphere |
| It lies above the troposphere and contains ozone to filter out most of the 95% sun’s harmful up radiation | Stratosphere |
| All the earth’s water: liquid, water vapor and ice | Hydrosphere |
| Icebergs, glaciers and ice in frozen soil layers are called what? | Permafrost |
| Consists of the earth’s intensely hot core, a thick mantle composed mostly of rock and a thin outer crust | Geosphere |
| Consists of the parts of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere where life is found | Biosphere |
| 3 factors that sustain the earth's life | The one way flow of high quality energy The cycling of nutrients Gravity |
| is the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment? | Ecology |
| is a place, such as a forest, grassland, or coral reef where interactions between living and non-living things occur | Ecosystem |
| Name biotic factors | Fungi, archaea, bacteria, protists, plants, animals |
| name abiotic factors | Air, salinity, soil, temperature, light, water, minerals, pH, and humidity |
| an individual living being | Organism |
| a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place | Population |
| populations of different species living in a particular place, and potentially interacting with each other | Community |
| a geographic area where a community of different species interacting with one another, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life | Ecosystem |
| make the nutrients they need from compounds and energy obtained from their environment | Producers / autotrophs (self-feeders) |
| other name for producers? | Autotrophs |
| These organisms cannot produce the nutrients they need through photosynthesis or other process | Consumers/heterotrophs (other-feeders) |
| plants capture solar energy that falls on their leaves and use it in combination with CO2 and H2O to form organic molecules | Photosynthesis |
| energy-rich carbohydrate capable of storing the chemical energy that plants need | Glucose (C6H12O6) |
| Are animals that eat mostly green plants | Herbivores or primary consumers |
| These animals eat other animals | Carnivores |
| These animals feed on the flesh of herbivores | Secondary consumers or carnivores |
| Animals that eat both plants and animals | Omnivores |
| feeds on the wastes or dead bodies of other organisms | Detritus feeders or detrivores |
| an organism that breaks down dead organic material | Decomposers |
| In most cells, how is energy released? | Aerobic respiration |
| they use the chemical energy stored in glucose and other organic compounds to fuel their life processes | producers, consumers and decomposers |
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ravencliff112804