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Unit 1 Poli Sci
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anarchy | A state without government or laws |
| Nation | Sizeable group of people united together by a common language, religion, culture, or custom. |
| State/Country | A community that occupies a definite territory and has a government |
| Sovereignty | Government makes and enforces its own laws without the approval from any other authority |
| What are the 3 systems of Governments | Unitary, Federal, and Confederate governments |
| Unitary Government System | All key powers held by the central government |
| Confederate Government System | A loose Union of independent sovereign states |
| Federal Government System | Divides power between a strong government and weaker state governments |
| Constitution | A plan that provides rules for the government. EX: Sets basic rights, establishes responsibilities, can be changed. |
| What does a constitution do? | (1) it sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share, (2) it establishes the basic structure of government and defines the government’s powers and duties, and (3) it provides the supreme law for the country. |
| Constitutional government | A government that is limited by constitutions |
| Democracy | A system of government which is ruled by the people either through representation or directly |
| Authoritarian | Leadership that controls all aspects of its citizens economics and social lives |
| Oligarchy | Power in the hands of a few people or a political party. Derive their power from wealth, social position, and military power. EX: USSR |
| Dictatorship | Power is held by one person. EX: Nazi Germany |
| Monarchy | Government with royalty exercising power to the government |
| Limited government | government structure in which government actions are limited by law |
| Parliament | an assembly of the representatives of a political nation or people, often the supreme legislative authority. any legislative or deliberative assembly, conference, etc. |
| Republic | A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting |
| John Locke | philosopher who argued that people needed the government to protect them and keep them safe. People should be sovereign |
| Thomas Hobbes | philosopher who thought people were terrible and they need a government to control them. Absolute Government |
| Natural rights/inalienable rights | Rights people have simply because they’re human. Life, liberty, and prosperity. |
| Social contract | people consent to give away some of their rights in return for security and safety |
| Capitalism | Economic system that emphasizes private ownership of the factors of production, freedom of choice, and individual incentives. |
| Free market/free enterprise | Government places no limits on the freedom of buyers and sellers to make their own economic decisions. |
| Mixed economies | economies made up of elements from more than one economic system. Combined economics of Capitalism and Socialism |
| Socialism | Economic system in which the government plays a significant role in regulating the economy but does not control it. Provides Healthcare, Welfare, Education. Owns most of land, industry, and other means of production. |
| Democratic socialists | someone who wants a mix of democracy and government involvement |
| Command economy | Communist nation, government decides what to produce and how to distribute the goods and services. |
| Bicameral | Legislative branch having two branches or chambers being House of Representatives and House of Senators |
| Common law- | Laws applied consistently by all royal judges. Supreme court decisions create precedent. Adopted and modified to fit the US and inspired Constitution |
| Precedent | an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action |
| rule of law | no one is above the law |
| Constituent | Voting member who has the power to appoint or elect |
| Bill of Rights | Set clear limits on the English Monarchy and states that everyone has individual rights that must be protected. Inspired the American Bill of Rights. |
| Judicial review | The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional |
| supremacy clause | Federal law is supreme over state law |
| state of nature | a condition in which no governments or laws existed at all |
| evolutionary theory | government evolved from the heads of families |
| force theory | government was forced as a way to protect people from war |
| divine right | people were born to lead others and they were god |
| social contract theory | people wanted to give away some of their freedoms for safety |
| how did state constitutions influence the framing of the main constitution? | each state originally had their own set of laws and guidelines, and the constitution took many of the common ones and combined them |
| What were the main ideas of the Declaration of Independence? | States basic human rights and declares colonies independent from GB |
| Identify the origins of some of Americans most important constitutional rights | Bill of rights, Magna Carta |
| Purpose of a constitution | To establish a basic guideline for how to rule the country |
| First Continental Congress | to decide what to do about relationship with Great Britain |
| Second Continental Congress | Created Acting Government for all the colonies throughout the war |
| VA PLAN | STRONG NATIONAL GOV: DELEGATES BASED ON POPULATION OF EACH STATE |
| NJ PLAN | WEAK NATIONAL GOV: CONGRESS WOULD ELECT MORE THAN 1 PERSON FOR EXECUTIVE BRANCH UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE (1 VOTE FOR EACH STATE) CONTINUE AS A CONFEDERATION OF SOVEREIGN STATES |
| CT COMPROMISE | BICAMERAL – LEGISLATIVE BRANCH HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BASED ON POPULATION SENATE WITH EQUAL REPS FROM EACH STATE |
| Federalism | Power is divided between the federal, or national, government, and the state governments |
Created by:
NicolasT